Question 1

Give two examples that the courts have stated that may be prejudicial when presenting a photo array to a victim of a crime.

Accepted Answer

1. The use of a photo array that includes only one suspect who matches the general description given by the victim, while the other individuals in the array do not closely resemble the suspect. This can suggest to the victim that the police have already identified a suspect, leading to potential bias in their selection.

2. Presenting a photo array in a suggestive manner, such as by highlighting or drawing attention to a particular individual, or by making comments that could influence the victim's choice. This can lead to the victim feeling pressured to choose a certain individual, rather than making an unbiased identification based on their memory of the crime.

Question 2

In the Wade-Gilbert cases, the Court extended the Sixth Amendment right to counsel to all pretrial identification procedures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

If police require a person in custody to appear in a lineup over his objection, there is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  no violation of any rights 
B)  a violation of Fourth Amendment right to privacy 
C)  a violation of Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination 
D)  violation of both the Fourth and Fifth Amendments 
A)  no violation of any rights 
B)  a violation of Fourth Amendment right to privacy 
C)  a violation of Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination 
D)  violation of both the Fourth and Fifth Amendments A

Question 4

Briefly explain what is meant by cross-racial identification bias.

Accepted Answer

Cross-racial identification bias, also k

Question 5

Police want to require a person who is not in custody to appear in a lineup. Which statement best describes the current state of the law with respect to this situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Police must issue a summons and allow the individual to be accompanied by his or her attorney. 
B)  There are no circumstances under which individuals who are not in custody can be compelled to participate. 
C)  Police are permitted to conduct such a lineup only if double-blind procedures are followed. 
D)  It is usually accomplished by order of a court or grand jury, although some states have enacted statutes that create special procedures for doing so. 
A)  Police must issue a summons and allow the individual to be accompanied by his or her attorney. 
B)  There are no circumstances under which individuals who are not in custody can be compelled to participate. 
C)  Police are permitted to conduct such a lineup only if double-blind procedures are followed. 
D)  It is usually accomplished by order of a court or grand jury, although some states have enacted statutes that create special procedures for doing so.

Question 6

Describe the differences between a lineup and a showup.

Accepted Answer

A lineup and a showup are both identific

Question 7

The term confrontation does not include presentation of photos of suspects to victims.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Briefly discuss the problems that may be associated with multiple line-ups or photo arrays.

Accepted Answer

Multiple line-ups or photo arrays can pr

Question 9

Describe what is meant by sensory overload.

Accepted Answer

Sensory overload occurs when one or more

Question 10

Persons in a lineup may _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  refuse to wear the clothing worn by the perpetrator 
B)  be required to utter the words used by the perpetrator 
C)  be of obviously different races 
D)  refuse to be photographed 
A)  refuse to wear the clothing worn by the perpetrator 
B)  be required to utter the words used by the perpetrator 
C)  be of obviously different races 
D)  refuse to be photographed

Question 11

The right to counsel guaranteed by the Wade-Gilbert cases does not apply at the outset of a criminal investigation, instead, the right must "attach" when a "triggering event" occurs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Name three of the five factors in Neil v. Biggers, 1972, that the court stated should be considered in evaluating the likelihood of misidentification.

Accepted Answer

In the case of Neil v. Biggers, 1972, th

Question 13

Foils should be chosen for their dissimilarity to the witness's description of the perpetrator, with the suspect standing out from the foils.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Explain why the presence of counsel is required at a pretrial confrontation with witnesses conducted after the initiation of adversary judicial proceedings.

Accepted Answer

The presence of counsel at a pretrial co

Question 15

How are the courts likely to handle instances where a criminal defendant shows that a police identification procedure was suggestive?

Accepted Answer

A)  automatically exclude the results of the procedure 
B)  exclude the results only after weighing the suggestibility evidence against factors indicative of reliability 
C)  admit the evidence unless defendant can show definitive harm 
D)  admit the evidence unless the defendant has no civil law recourse 
A)  automatically exclude the results of the procedure 
B)  exclude the results only after weighing the suggestibility evidence against factors indicative of reliability 
C)  admit the evidence unless defendant can show definitive harm 
D)  admit the evidence unless the defendant has no civil law recourse

Question 16

An officer conducting a lineup should allow the defense attorney at the lineup to do all but which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  take notes 
B)  observe all the proceedings 
C)  control any part of the proceedings 
D)  tape record the proceedings 
A)  take notes 
B)  observe all the proceedings 
C)  control any part of the proceedings 
D)  tape record the proceedings

Question 17

In which of the following circumstances would it be appropriate to use a showup identification?

Accepted Answer

A)  Police apprehend a suspect near the scene of the crime shortly after commission of the crime. 
B)  Police take a description from the eyewitness and have probable cause to believe that she is describing a known suspect. 
C)  The witness refuses to go to the police station for a lineup. 
D)  Police are unable to find any volunteers to participate in a lineup. 
A)  Police apprehend a suspect near the scene of the crime shortly after commission of the crime. 
B)  Police take a description from the eyewitness and have probable cause to believe that she is describing a known suspect. 
C)  The witness refuses to go to the police station for a lineup. 
D)  Police are unable to find any volunteers to participate in a lineup.

Question 18

Perception and memory function optimally when there is only a moderate amount of stress, a principle referred to as the __________ law.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Perception and memory function optimally when there...

Question 19

Select the true statement about the proper procedures for conducting a lineup.

Accepted Answer

A)  Multiple suspects should appear in a lineup. 
B)  Eyewitnesses should state in their own words how certain they are of any identification they make. 
C)  A minimum of three people should appear in a lineup; five to seven people is preferable. 
D)  Simultaneous viewing of all participants, rather than sequential viewing of one after another, is preferable. 
A)  Multiple suspects should appear in a lineup. 
B)  Eyewitnesses should state in their own words how certain they are of any identification they make. 
C)  A minimum of three people should appear in a lineup; five to seven people is preferable. 
D)  Simultaneous viewing of all participants, rather than sequential viewing of one after another, is preferable.

Question 20

The Supreme Court held in Stovall v. Denno (1967) that due process forbids any pretrial identification procedure that is unnecessarily suggestive and conducive to __________ mistaken identification.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Supreme Court held in Stovall v....

Give two examples that the courts have stated that may be prejudicial when presenting a photo array to a victim of a crime.

In the Wade-Gilbert cases, the Court extended the Sixth Amendment right to counsel to all pretrial identification procedures.

If police require a person in custody to appear in a lineup over his objection, there is _____.

Briefly explain what is meant by cross-racial identification bias.

Police want to require a person who is not in custody to appear in a lineup. Which statement best describes the current state of the law with respect to this situation?

Describe the differences between a lineup and a showup.

The term confrontation does not include presentation of photos of suspects to victims.

Briefly discuss the problems that may be associated with multiple line-ups or photo arrays.

Describe what is meant by sensory overload.

Persons in a lineup may _____.

The right to counsel guaranteed by the Wade-Gilbert cases does not apply at the outset of a criminal investigation, instead, the right must "attach" when a "triggering event" occurs.

Name three of the five factors in Neil v. Biggers, 1972, that the court stated should be considered in evaluating the likelihood of misidentification.

Foils should be chosen for their dissimilarity to the witness's description of the perpetrator, with the suspect standing out from the foils.

Explain why the presence of counsel is required at a pretrial confrontation with witnesses conducted after the initiation of adversary judicial proceedings.

How are the courts likely to handle instances where a criminal defendant shows that a police identification procedure was suggestive?

An officer conducting a lineup should allow the defense attorney at the lineup to do all but which of the following?

In which of the following circumstances would it be appropriate to use a showup identification?

Perception and memory function optimally when there is only a moderate amount of stress, a principle referred to as the __________ law.

Select the true statement about the proper procedures for conducting a lineup.

The Supreme Court held in Stovall v. Denno (1967) that due process forbids any pretrial identification procedure that is unnecessarily suggestive and conducive to __________ mistaken identification.

Individual Rights Under the United States Constitution

Criminal Courts, Pretrial Processes, and the Exclusionary Rule

Basic Underlying Concepts: Property, Privacy, Probable Cause, and Reasonableness

Criminal Investigatory Search Warrants

Searches for Electronically Stored Information and Electronic Surveillance

Administrative and Special Needs Searches

Arrests, Searches Incident to Arrest, and Protective Sweeps

Stops and Frisks

Consent Searches

The Plain View Doctrine and Special Needs Searches

Search and Seizure of Vehicles and Containers

Open Fields and Abandoned Property

Interrogations, Admissions, and Confessions

Criminal Trials, Appeals, and Postconviction Remedies

Filters

Exam 14: Pretrial Visual Identification Procedures

Give two examples that the courts have stated that may be prejudicial when presenting a photo array to a victim of a crime.

In the Wade-Gilbert cases, the Court extended the Sixth Amendment right to counsel to all pretrial identification procedures.

If police require a person in custody to appear in a lineup over his objection, there is _____.

Briefly explain what is meant by cross-racial identification bias.

Police want to require a person who is not in custody to appear in a lineup. Which statement best describes the current state of the law with respect to this situation?

Describe the differences between a lineup and a showup.

The term confrontation does not include presentation of photos of suspects to victims.

Briefly discuss the problems that may be associated with multiple line-ups or photo arrays.

Describe what is meant by sensory overload.

Persons in a lineup may _____.

The right to counsel guaranteed by the Wade-Gilbert cases does not apply at the outset of a criminal investigation, instead, the right must "attach" when a "triggering event" occurs.

Name three of the five factors in Neil v. Biggers, 1972, that the court stated should be considered in evaluating the likelihood of misidentification.

Foils should be chosen for their dissimilarity to the witness's description of the perpetrator, with the suspect standing out from the foils.

Explain why the presence of counsel is required at a pretrial confrontation with witnesses conducted after the initiation of adversary judicial proceedings.

How are the courts likely to handle instances where a criminal defendant shows that a police identification procedure was suggestive?

An officer conducting a lineup should allow the defense attorney at the lineup to do all but which of the following?

In which of the following circumstances would it be appropriate to use a showup identification?

Perception and memory function optimally when there is only a moderate amount of stress, a principle referred to as the __________ law.

Select the true statement about the proper procedures for conducting a lineup.

The Supreme Court held in Stovall v. Denno (1967) that due process forbids any pretrial identification procedure that is unnecessarily suggestive and conducive to __________ mistaken identification.

Individual Rights Under the United States Constitution

Criminal Courts, Pretrial Processes, and the Exclusionary Rule

Basic Underlying Concepts: Property, Privacy, Probable Cause, and Reasonableness

Criminal Investigatory Search Warrants

Searches for Electronically Stored Information and Electronic Surveillance

Administrative and Special Needs Searches

Arrests, Searches Incident to Arrest, and Protective Sweeps

Stops and Frisks

Consent Searches

The Plain View Doctrine and Special Needs Searches

Search and Seizure of Vehicles and Containers

Open Fields and Abandoned Property

Interrogations, Admissions, and Confessions

Criminal Trials, Appeals, and Postconviction Remedies

Filters