Exam 8: Stops and Frisks

Explain how the courts have defined reasonableness, as the concept relates to stops and to frisks.

Officers may stop a person or a vehicle on the basis of which of the following?

_____ is a less demanding standard than _____.

A law enforcement officer's power to detain and question suspicious persons dates back to _____.

A limited search of a person is most accurately described as a(n) ______.

Based on the totality of circumstances, which of the following factors is not generally considered in an inquiry determining whether or not a "seizure" has occurred?

A law enforcement officer's authority to frisk is limited and narrowly drawn.

A law enforcement officer may detain property for a brief time if the officer has a ______________ that the property contains items subject to seizure.

Briefly describe the history and purpose of the origination of the Geneva Conventions.

Officer Brewer stops a vehicle because it does not have brake lights. However, he is using this reason for a traffic stop because he believes the subjects in the vehicle may be involved in illegal activity involving drugs and wants to check them out. Which of the following most accurately describes this scenario?

An officer who observes a blown taillight, cracked windshield, or failure to signal when changing lanes may stop a vehicle even if a hypothetical "reasonable officer" would not have been motivated by a desire to enforce the traffic laws.

Name some of the justifications given by the courts as to when a law enforcement officer can frisk a person.

Courts have consistently ruled that an investigative detention must be temporary and last no longer than _____.

An anonymous tip that a particular person at a particular location is dealing drugs is not, without more information, sufficient to justify law enforcement officers in stopping and frisking that person.

An officer stops a vehicle for a minor equipment violation in order to investigate a more serious crime involving the occupants. This is often referred to as a(n) _____________.

An officer observes an individual leaving a place the officer believes to be a drug house. As the officer approaches, the man makes furtive gestures, reacts nervously, and changes course quickly before the officer yells out for the man to stop. The man stops. The man is carrying a locked case. Given this scenario, select the true statement.

If a show of authority by a law enforcement officer does not result in a halting or submission by the person being confronted, it is still considered a seizure under the Fourth Amendment.

Generally speaking, ______________ is needed to support an anonymous tip and provide reasonable suspicion to justify an investigatory stop.

The case that established the foundation for stop and frisk is:

Relying on the plain view doctrine, the Minnesota v. Dickerson ruling stated that officers could seize non-threatening contraband, such as drugs, if its identity as contraband is immediately apparent to the sense of touch. What is this exception more commonly known as?