Exam 14: Pretrial Visual Identification Procedures

Many of the issues that make eyewitness identifications problematic are not capable of control by the police. However, there are certain practices police can follow to reduce the likelihood of error in eyewitness identification. Most of these practices focus on _____.

What is the generic term applied to any type of presentation of a suspect in person to a victim to identify the perpetrator?

A lineup should be conducted _____.

Applying the rule of law of Kirby v. Illinois, in which of the below choices does the suspect not have a right to have an attorney prior to or during the confrontation?

Given the causes of misidentification, the United States Supreme Court has held that identifications that occur under questionable circumstances should _____.

Describe the first stage of the memory acquisition, or encoding, process.

In a criminal prosecution the accused has a Sixth Amendment right to _____.

_____ is an unconscious process that concerns the acquisition, retention, and recall of past experience.

If an accused requests assistance of his or her own counsel at a confrontation, how does this impact the process?

Unarranged, spontaneous showups are considered impermissibly suggestive for constitutional law purposes.

A(n) __________ line-up or photo array occurs when neither the witness nor the person administering the lineup or photo array knows who the suspect is or who the foils are.

The day after a robbery, the police bring the victim to the station to view a group of a half-dozen people in hopes the victim can identify the perpetrator. What is the most specific term for this procedure?

The generic term which means any type of presentation of a suspect in person to a victim to identify the perpetrator is __________.

The creation or substitution of false memories through later suggestion is called _____.

An eyewitness is much more likely to identify accurately someone of his or her own race than someone of a different race. This is called __________ bias.

Which of the following is NOT true of perception?

The process of _____ is highly selective and is as dependent upon psychological factors as it is on physical senses because it is an "interpretive process."

The _____ states that at a pretrial, post indictment lineup, the suspect has a right to assistance of counsel.

The Wade-Gilbert cases held that a post-indictment pre-trial lineup is a "critical stage" of a criminal prosecution that triggers the right to counsel. The logic of the Court in reaching this conclusion was that the presence of the defense attorney will _____.

Explain what, if any, affect that cultural bias or personal prejudices may affect memory.