Question 1

If erosion is occurring in an area of weak rock,what would you expect the landscape to look like?

Accepted Answer

A) gentle hills 
B) steep cliffs 
C) uplifted terraces 
D) vertical canyons 
A) gentle hills 
B) steep cliffs 
C) uplifted terraces 
D) vertical canyons A

Question 2

The Sierra Nevada Mountains in California are composed almost entirely of granite;what do you expect the landscape to look like?

Accepted Answer

A) steep peaks and cliffs 
B) gentle hills and valleys 
C) large expanses of flatlands 
D) open floodplains 
A) steep peaks and cliffs 
B) gentle hills and valleys 
C) large expanses of flatlands 
D) open floodplains A

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT an example of a landform?

Accepted Answer

A) mesa 
B) valley 
C) water 
D) dune 
A) mesa 
B) valley 
C) water 
D) dune C

Question 4

What type of landforms might you expect to find if the climate in an area is very warm and wet?

Accepted Answer

A) valleys 
B) glacial hills 
C) mesas 
D) sand dunes 
A) valleys 
B) glacial hills 
C) mesas 
D) sand dunes

Question 5

How does climate affect landscape development?

Accepted Answer

A) It controls the composition of the substrate. 
B) It controls the amount of water available on Earth. 
C) It controls the resistance of the sediments deposited. 
D) It controls the rate of erosion. 
A) It controls the composition of the substrate. 
B) It controls the amount of water available on Earth. 
C) It controls the resistance of the sediments deposited. 
D) It controls the rate of erosion.

Question 6

Water can remain in the ground as groundwater for up to 10,000 years.This is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) aquifer storage 
B) groundwater flow rate 
C) residence time 
D) transfer time 
A) aquifer storage 
B) groundwater flow rate 
C) residence time 
D) transfer time

Question 7

How does water get from the atmosphere into the groundwater system?

Accepted Answer

A) Precipitation falls into rivers and then flows downriver into the groundwater system. 
B) Precipitation falls on the ground and infiltrates the ground surface to the groundwater system. 
C) Water from the ocean is sucked up into the groundwater system due to a pressure difference. 
D) Plants secrete water into the groundwater system in a process called evapotranspiration. 
A) Precipitation falls into rivers and then flows downriver into the groundwater system. 
B) Precipitation falls on the ground and infiltrates the ground surface to the groundwater system. 
C) Water from the ocean is sucked up into the groundwater system due to a pressure difference. 
D) Plants secrete water into the groundwater system in a process called evapotranspiration.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the hydrologic cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) the movement of water through the ground to form aquifers 
B) the cycle that water passes through when going from solid to liquid to gas 
C) the circular motion due to density differences created when water boils 
D) the movement of Earth's water through a series of reservoirs 
A) the movement of water through the ground to form aquifers 
B) the cycle that water passes through when going from solid to liquid to gas 
C) the circular motion due to density differences created when water boils 
D) the movement of Earth's water through a series of reservoirs

Question 9

If the area contains several small hills each with base elevation of 2,105 ft and summit elevations of 2,345 ft,2,456 ft,and 2,565 ft,what is the maximum relief in the area?

Accepted Answer

A) 220 ft 
B) 460 ft 
C) 2,565 ft 
D) 2,105 ft 
A) 220 ft 
B) 460 ft 
C) 2,565 ft 
D) 2,105 ft

Question 10

What would an area experiencing erosion look like compared to one experiencing deposition?

Accepted Answer

A) deep valleys or canyons versus large flat,open areas 
B) large sand dunes versus large open bodies of water 
C) rolling hills versus steep peaks 
D) large,dry flatlands versus deep river channels 
A) deep valleys or canyons versus large flat,open areas 
B) large sand dunes versus large open bodies of water 
C) rolling hills versus steep peaks 
D) large,dry flatlands versus deep river channels

Question 11

Which of the following mountain ranges is likely composed of soft material?

Accepted Answer

A) Figure 1 
B) Figure 2 
C) Figure 3 
D) Figure 4 
A) Figure 1 
B) Figure 2 
C) Figure 3 
D) Figure 4

Question 12

Below is a digital elevation model of Mars.What process is responsible for creating the Valles Marineris?

Accepted Answer

A) glacial carving 
B) deposition 
C) erosion 
D) burrowing 
A) glacial carving 
B) deposition 
C) erosion 
D) burrowing

Question 13

Why is understanding the hydrologic cycle so important to understanding how landscapes form?

Accepted Answer

A) because water has the ability to seep underground and affect the layers of rock 
B) because the oceans cover a vast majority of our planet and are a main erosional agent 
C) because the rate at which groundwater moves through the subsurface determines erosion rates 
D) because water is the main erosional and depositional agent on Earth 
A) because water has the ability to seep underground and affect the layers of rock 
B) because the oceans cover a vast majority of our planet and are a main erosional agent 
C) because the rate at which groundwater moves through the subsurface determines erosion rates 
D) because water is the main erosional and depositional agent on Earth

Question 14

Which of the following does NOT affect landscape development?

Accepted Answer

A) distance from mountains 
B) climate in the area 
C) amount of time 
D) amount of erosion 
A) distance from mountains 
B) climate in the area 
C) amount of time 
D) amount of erosion

Question 15

The difference in elevation in an area is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A) erosion 
B) deposition 
C) relief 
D) landform 
A) erosion 
B) deposition 
C) relief 
D) landform

Question 16

What is the ultimate control of the development of the landscape in the following picture?

Accepted Answer

A) climate 
B) human activity 
C) time 
D) relief 
A) climate 
B) human activity 
C) time 
D) relief

Question 17

Why do some life activities strengthen the substrate while others weaken it?

Accepted Answer

A) Burrowing creatures distribute stronger soil around,while plants digest and weaken soil. 
B) Burrowing creatures distribute stronger soil around,while plant roots wedge soil apart. 
C) Plant roots help anchor soil,while burrowing into or mining out soil weakens it. 
D) Some organisms secrete a binding agent in the soil,while plants digest and weaken soil. 
A) Burrowing creatures distribute stronger soil around,while plants digest and weaken soil. 
B) Burrowing creatures distribute stronger soil around,while plant roots wedge soil apart. 
C) Plant roots help anchor soil,while burrowing into or mining out soil weakens it. 
D) Some organisms secrete a binding agent in the soil,while plants digest and weaken soil.

Question 18

The following is a picture of a landform on Mars.What feature in this picture indicates that Mars may have had running water sometime in the past?

Accepted Answer

A) deeply cut channels formed by a flowing river 
B) large sandbars likely formed by a sediment-choked river 
C) depressions formed during collapse of sinkholes 
D) a large flat expanse of land,likely a desert 
A) deeply cut channels formed by a flowing river 
B) large sandbars likely formed by a sediment-choked river 
C) depressions formed during collapse of sinkholes 
D) a large flat expanse of land,likely a desert

Question 19

Why do scientists believe there was once liquid water on Mars?

Accepted Answer

A) Depositional landforms are seen on Mars,but not erosional landforms. 
B) Landforms such as river channels and sandbars are seen on Mars. 
C) Large depressions are seen on Mars that were once large lakes. 
D) Evidence of marine life has been found in the rocks on Mars. 
A) Depositional landforms are seen on Mars,but not erosional landforms. 
B) Landforms such as river channels and sandbars are seen on Mars. 
C) Large depressions are seen on Mars that were once large lakes. 
D) Evidence of marine life has been found in the rocks on Mars.

Question 20

What process created the terrace that forms the cliff in the picture below?

Accepted Answer

A) subsidence 
B) deposition 
C) uplift 
D) relief 
A) subsidence 
B) deposition 
C) uplift 
D) relief

Exam 29: Ever-Changing Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

If erosion is occurring in an area of weak rock,what would you expect the landscape to look like?

The Sierra Nevada Mountains in California are composed almost entirely of granite;what do you expect the landscape to look like?

Which of the following is NOT an example of a landform?

What type of landforms might you expect to find if the climate in an area is very warm and wet?

How does climate affect landscape development?

Water can remain in the ground as groundwater for up to 10,000 years.This is called the ________.

How does water get from the atmosphere into the groundwater system?

Which of the following best describes the hydrologic cycle?

If the area contains several small hills each with base elevation of 2,105 ft and summit elevations of 2,345 ft,2,456 ft,and 2,565 ft,what is the maximum relief in the area?

What would an area experiencing erosion look like compared to one experiencing deposition?

Which of the following mountain ranges is likely composed of soft material?

Below is a digital elevation model of Mars.What process is responsible for creating the Valles Marineris?

Why is understanding the hydrologic cycle so important to understanding how landscapes form?

Which of the following does NOT affect landscape development?

The difference in elevation in an area is called ________.

What is the ultimate control of the development of the landscape in the following picture?

Why do some life activities strengthen the substrate while others weaken it?

The following is a picture of a landform on Mars.What feature in this picture indicates that Mars may have had running water sometime in the past?

Why do scientists believe there was once liquid water on Mars?

What process created the terrace that forms the cliff in the picture below?

Cosmology and the Birth of Earth

Journey to the Center of the Earth

Drifting Continents and Spreading Seas

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

Pages of Earths Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism: a Process of Change

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Crags,cracks,and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of Earth

Squeezing Power From a Stone: Energy Resources

Riches in Rock: Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: the Geology of Running Water

Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

An Envelope of Gas: Earths Atmosphere and Climate

Dry Regions: the Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Introducing Rocks

a Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

the Rock Cycle in the Earth System

the Earths Interior, revisited: Seismic Layering, gravity, and the Magnetic Field

Memories of Past Life: Fossils and Evolution

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