Question 1

-Briefly describe what is happening in each of the three panels of this figure,making sure to use the terms indicated by numbers 1,2,3,and 4.

Accepted Answer

Panel 1: In this panel, there is a chemical reaction taking place. The reactants are combining to form a product, and energy is being released in the process. This is indicated by the presence of the reactants (labeled as 1), the product (labeled as 2), and the energy released (labeled as 3).

Panel 2: This panel shows the activation energy barrier that the reactants must overcome in order for the reaction to occur. The activation energy is represented by the peak in the energy diagram (labeled as 4), and it shows that the reactants need a certain amount of energy input in order to reach the transition state and form the product.

Panel 3: In this panel, the reaction has reached equilibrium. The concentrations of the reactants and products have stabilized, and the forward and reverse reactions are occurring at the same rate. This is indicated by the flat energy diagram (labeled as 4), which shows that the system is at a stable state.

Question 2

Bending a joint requires​

Accepted Answer

A) relaxation of extensors and flexors. 
B) contraction of extensors and flexors. 
C) relaxation of extensors and contraction of flexors. 
D) contraction of extensors and relaxation of flexors. 
A) relaxation of extensors and flexors. 
B) contraction of extensors and flexors. 
C) relaxation of extensors and contraction of flexors. 
D) contraction of extensors and relaxation of flexors. C

Question 3

Vaccinations effectively prevent which of the following disorders?

Accepted Answer

A) polio 
B) muscular dystrophy 
C) myasthenia gravis 
D) Huntington's disease 
A) polio 
B) muscular dystrophy 
C) myasthenia gravis 
D) Huntington's disease A

Question 4

Golgi tendon organs provide feedback about​

Accepted Answer

A) muscle stretch. 
B) force. 
C) position. 
D) movement. 
A) muscle stretch. 
B) force. 
C) position. 
D) movement.

Question 5

Primary motor cortex is located in the _________ gyrus of the _________ lobe.

Accepted Answer

A) precentral; frontal 
B)  precentral; parietal​ 
C) postcentral; frontal 
D) postcentral; parietal 
A) precentral; frontal 
B)  precentral; parietal​ 
C) postcentral; frontal 
D) postcentral; parietal

Question 6

Intrafusal fibers receive input from​

Accepted Answer

A) alpha motor neurons. 
B) gamma motor neurons. 
C) Ia sensory fibers. 
D) C fibers. 
A) alpha motor neurons. 
B) gamma motor neurons. 
C) Ia sensory fibers. 
D) C fibers.

Question 7

-The structure indicated by the number 2 in this image is known as a(n)​

Accepted Answer

A) extrafusal fiber. 
B) Ia sensory fiber. 
C) gamma motor fiber. 
D) intrafusal fiber. 
A) extrafusal fiber. 
B) Ia sensory fiber. 
C) gamma motor fiber. 
D) intrafusal fiber.

Question 8

Ia sensory fibers are activated in response to​

Accepted Answer

A) contraction of muscle fibers. 
B) stretching of Golgi tendon organs. 
C) stretching of muscle fibers. 
D) input from Ib fibers. 
A) contraction of muscle fibers. 
B) stretching of Golgi tendon organs. 
C) stretching of muscle fibers. 
D) input from Ib fibers.

Question 9

Describe the three types of muscle found in the human body.

Accepted Answer

Human muscles are either smooth or stria

Question 10

Describe how the Golgi tendon organs provide feedback about muscle contraction.

Accepted Answer

Golgi tendon organs are located at the j

Question 11

Motor units that include Type IIb fibers​

Accepted Answer

A) usually include Type IIa fibers as well. 
B) produce about 100 times the force as units that include Type I fibers. 
C) produce about one-third of the force produced by units that include Type IIa fibers. 
D) are rarely found in humans. 
A) usually include Type IIa fibers as well. 
B) produce about 100 times the force as units that include Type I fibers. 
C) produce about one-third of the force produced by units that include Type IIa fibers. 
D) are rarely found in humans.

Question 12

A person with damage to the right hemisphere motor cortex will experience weakness or paralysis

Accepted Answer

A) on the left side of the body. 
B)  on the right side of the body.​ 
C)  on both the right and left sides of the body.​ 
D)  in the torso and arms but not the legs.​ 
A) on the left side of the body. 
B)  on the right side of the body.​ 
C)  on both the right and left sides of the body.​ 
D)  in the torso and arms but not the legs.​

Question 13

The lungs are moved by _________ muscle​

Accepted Answer

A) smooth 
B) cardiac 
C) striated 
D) both smooth and striated 
A) smooth 
B) cardiac 
C) striated 
D) both smooth and striated

Question 14

Degeneration of motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord is characteristic of

Accepted Answer

A) polio. 
B)  amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.​ 
C) muscular dystrophy. 
D) myasthenia gravis. 
A) polio. 
B)  amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.​ 
C) muscular dystrophy. 
D) myasthenia gravis.

Question 15

What happens to the rate of firing in motor neurons as we age?​

Accepted Answer

A) No changes occur. 
B) Firing rates decrease, leading to slower and weaker muscle responses. 
C) Firing rates increase, leading to uncomfortable cramping. 
D) Firing rates decrease, but muscle fibers are able to compensate for these changes. 
A) No changes occur. 
B) Firing rates decrease, leading to slower and weaker muscle responses. 
C) Firing rates increase, leading to uncomfortable cramping. 
D) Firing rates decrease, but muscle fibers are able to compensate for these changes.

Question 16

Complex plans for movement are correlated with decreased activity in the premotor cortex.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The tectospinal tract originates in the

Accepted Answer

A) reticular formation of the pons. 
B) reticular formation of the medulla. 
C) vestibular nuclei of the medulla. 
D) tectum of the midbrain. 
A) reticular formation of the pons. 
B) reticular formation of the medulla. 
C) vestibular nuclei of the medulla. 
D) tectum of the midbrain.

Question 18

The fact that symptoms of Huntington's disease include the inability to control voluntary movements makes sense because the major damage from Huntington's seems to be in the:

Accepted Answer

A) motor cortex, which controls planned movements. 
B)  cerebellum, which controls coordinated movements.​ 
C)  spinal cord, which is the final pathway for all movements.​ 
D)  basal ganglia, which participates in the initiation and control of fine motor movements.​ 
A) motor cortex, which controls planned movements. 
B)  cerebellum, which controls coordinated movements.​ 
C)  spinal cord, which is the final pathway for all movements.​ 
D)  basal ganglia, which participates in the initiation and control of fine motor movements.​

Question 19

Black widow spider venom

Accepted Answer

A)  causes paralysis by preventing GABA release.​ 
B)  causes paralysis by blocking postsynaptic receptors.​ 
C)  interferes with glutamate synthesis.​ 
D)  produces convulsions by overstimulating acetylcholine release.​ 
A)  causes paralysis by preventing GABA release.​ 
B)  causes paralysis by blocking postsynaptic receptors.​ 
C)  interferes with glutamate synthesis.​ 
D)  produces convulsions by overstimulating acetylcholine release.​

Question 20

Describe the relationship between alpha motor neurons and the fiber types that they innervate.

Accepted Answer

A single alpha motor neuron and the fibe

-Briefly describe what is happening in each of the three panels of this figure,making sure to use the terms indicated by numbers 1,2,3,and 4.

Bending a joint requires

Vaccinations effectively prevent which of the following disorders?

Golgi tendon organs provide feedback about

Primary motor cortex is located in the _ gyrus of the _ lobe.

Intrafusal fibers receive input from

-The structure indicated by the number 2 in this image is known as a(n)

Ia sensory fibers are activated in response to

Describe the three types of muscle found in the human body.

Describe how the Golgi tendon organs provide feedback about muscle contraction.

Motor units that include Type IIb fibers

A person with damage to the right hemisphere motor cortex will experience weakness or paralysis

The lungs are moved by _________ muscle

Degeneration of motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord is characteristic of

What happens to the rate of firing in motor neurons as we age?

Complex plans for movement are correlated with decreased activity in the premotor cortex.

The tectospinal tract originates in the

The fact that symptoms of Huntington's disease include the inability to control voluntary movements makes sense because the major damage from Huntington's seems to be in the:

Black widow spider venom

Describe the relationship between alpha motor neurons and the fiber types that they innervate.

What Is Behavioral Neuroscience

Functional Neuroanatomy and the Evolution of the Nervous System

Neurophysiology: the Structure and Functions of the Cells of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Homeostasis and Motivation

Sexual Behavior

Sleep and Waking

Learning and Memory

Hemispheric Asymmetry, language, and Intelligence

Emotion, reward, aggression, and Stress

Neuropsychology

Psychopathology

Filters

Exam 8: Movement

-Briefly describe what is happening in each of the three panels of this figure,making sure to use the terms indicated by numbers 1,2,3,and 4.

Bending a joint requires​

Vaccinations effectively prevent which of the following disorders?

Golgi tendon organs provide feedback about​

Primary motor cortex is located in the _________ gyrus of the _________ lobe.

Intrafusal fibers receive input from​

-The structure indicated by the number 2 in this image is known as a(n)​

Ia sensory fibers are activated in response to​

Describe the three types of muscle found in the human body.

Describe how the Golgi tendon organs provide feedback about muscle contraction.

Motor units that include Type IIb fibers​

A person with damage to the right hemisphere motor cortex will experience weakness or paralysis

The lungs are moved by _________ muscle​

Degeneration of motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord is characteristic of

What happens to the rate of firing in motor neurons as we age?​

Complex plans for movement are correlated with decreased activity in the premotor cortex.

The tectospinal tract originates in the

The fact that symptoms of Huntington's disease include the inability to control voluntary movements makes sense because the major damage from Huntington's seems to be in the:

Black widow spider venom

Describe the relationship between alpha motor neurons and the fiber types that they innervate.

What Is Behavioral Neuroscience

Functional Neuroanatomy and the Evolution of the Nervous System

Neurophysiology: the Structure and Functions of the Cells of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Homeostasis and Motivation

Sexual Behavior

Sleep and Waking

Learning and Memory

Hemispheric Asymmetry, language, and Intelligence

Emotion, reward, aggression, and Stress

Neuropsychology

Psychopathology

Filters

Bending a joint requires

Golgi tendon organs provide feedback about

Primary motor cortex is located in the _ gyrus of the _ lobe.

Intrafusal fibers receive input from

-The structure indicated by the number 2 in this image is known as a(n)

Ia sensory fibers are activated in response to

Motor units that include Type IIb fibers

The lungs are moved by _________ muscle

What happens to the rate of firing in motor neurons as we age?