Question 1

Which of the following is an accurate description of the effects of zeitgebers on the body's internal clocks?​

Accepted Answer

A) Both the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and peripheral clocks are affected more by light than any other type of zeitgeber. 
B) The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is more affected by light, whereas the peripheral clocks are more affected by feeding patterns. 
C) The peripheral clocks are more affected by light, whereas the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is more affected by physical activity. 
D) Both the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and peripheral clocks are affected more by physical activity and feeding patterns than by light. 
A) Both the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and peripheral clocks are affected more by light than any other type of zeitgeber. 
B) The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is more affected by light, whereas the peripheral clocks are more affected by feeding patterns. 
C) The peripheral clocks are more affected by light, whereas the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is more affected by physical activity. 
D) Both the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and peripheral clocks are affected more by physical activity and feeding patterns than by light. B

Question 2

PGO waves are usually observed​

Accepted Answer

A) during Stages 1 and 2 of NREM sleep. 
B) during all stages of NREM sleep. 
C) during REM sleep. 
D) immediately after the subject awakens. 
A) during Stages 1 and 2 of NREM sleep. 
B) during all stages of NREM sleep. 
C) during REM sleep. 
D) immediately after the subject awakens. C

Question 3

What evidence points to a role for orexins (hypocretins)in narcolepsy?​

Accepted Answer

Orexins appear to play a role in adjusting an animal's needs for wakefulness based on their current state and environment.Patients with narcolepsy do not have normal levels of orexins in their cerebrospinal fluid,and are often lacking normal levels of orexin-secreting neurons in the hypothalamus.​

Question 4

Dreams during NREM sleep are​

Accepted Answer

A) nonexistent. 
B) vivid, unrealistic, and storylike. 
C) logical and not very emotional. 
D) associated with nightmares. 
A) nonexistent. 
B) vivid, unrealistic, and storylike. 
C) logical and not very emotional. 
D) associated with nightmares.

Question 5

What is a REM-on area,and where are these located?​

Accepted Answer

REM-on is a term used to descr

Question 6

The transition from drowsy wakefulness to Stage 1 NREM sleep can usually be determined by the presence of more _________ wave activity.

Accepted Answer

A) beta 
B)  delta​ 
C) alpha 
D) theta 
A) beta 
B)  delta​ 
C) alpha 
D) theta

Question 7

Sleep patterns are most likely to change at puberty due to:​

Accepted Answer

A) social pressures to stay out late with friends. 
B) a drop in the production of melatonin. 
C) the need to sleep more due to the adolescent growth spurt. 
D) changes in physical activity and eating patterns. 
A) social pressures to stay out late with friends. 
B) a drop in the production of melatonin. 
C) the need to sleep more due to the adolescent growth spurt. 
D) changes in physical activity and eating patterns.

Question 8

K-complexes are brief bursts of brain activity observed in the EEG of a person in Stage 2 NREM sleep.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The frequency of sleep terrors is​

Accepted Answer

A) equal in boys and girls. 
B) higher in girls than boys. 
C) higher in boys than girls. 
D) higher in adults than children. 
A) equal in boys and girls. 
B) higher in girls than boys. 
C) higher in boys than girls. 
D) higher in adults than children.

Question 10

Rachel,a biology student on a field study in the Amazon,observed the behavior of a small mammal that was frequently preyed upon by birds,snakes,and monkeys.It built burrows at the base of trees.Based on the work of Allison and Cichetti,what predictions can Rachel make about her mammal's sleeping habits?​

Accepted Answer

A) It is unlikely to sleep more than a few hours per day, and will do so out in the open. 
B) It is likely to sleep many hours per day in its burrow. 
C) It is likely to sleep many hours per day out in the open. 
D) It is unlikely to sleep more than a few hours per day, and will do so in its burrow. 
A) It is unlikely to sleep more than a few hours per day, and will do so out in the open. 
B) It is likely to sleep many hours per day in its burrow. 
C) It is likely to sleep many hours per day out in the open. 
D) It is unlikely to sleep more than a few hours per day, and will do so in its burrow.

Question 11

The stress of crossing multiple time zones during air travel may

Accepted Answer

A) increase the release of melatonin. 
B) decrease the release of melatonin. 
C) increase the release of cortisol. 
D) decrease the release of cortisol. 
A) increase the release of melatonin. 
B) decrease the release of melatonin. 
C) increase the release of cortisol. 
D) decrease the release of cortisol.

Question 12

The sleep during a narcoleptic attack is characterized by​

Accepted Answer

A) REM sleep. 
B) the usual alternation between REM and NREM sleep. 
C) immediate deep NREM sleep. 
D) wave forms not observed during normal sleep. 
A) REM sleep. 
B) the usual alternation between REM and NREM sleep. 
C) immediate deep NREM sleep. 
D) wave forms not observed during normal sleep.

Question 13

Acetylcholine (ACh)levels in the brain are high during _______________ sleep,but lower during ______________ sleep.​

Accepted Answer

A) REM; wakefulness and NREM 
B) NREM; wakefulness and REM 
C) wakefulness and REM; NREM 
D) wakefulness and NREM; REM 
A) REM; wakefulness and NREM 
B) NREM; wakefulness and REM 
C) wakefulness and REM; NREM 
D) wakefulness and NREM; REM

Question 14

During REM sleep,​

Accepted Answer

A) the hippocampus is relatively inactive. 
B) primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe is unusually active. 
C) the frontal lobes are unusually active. 
D) the frontal lobes are relatively inactive. 
A) the hippocampus is relatively inactive. 
B) primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe is unusually active. 
C) the frontal lobes are unusually active. 
D) the frontal lobes are relatively inactive.

Question 15

Cells forming the retinohypothalamic pathway contain

Accepted Answer

A) rhodopsin, the same photopigment found in rods. 
B) a variety of color photopigments. 
C) no photopigments. 
D) the photopigment melanopsin. 
A) rhodopsin, the same photopigment found in rods. 
B) a variety of color photopigments. 
C) no photopigments. 
D) the photopigment melanopsin.

Question 16

Unless some type of pathology is present,the first segment of sleep is​

Accepted Answer

A) always REM. 
B) always NREM. 
C) a mixture of REM and NREM. 
D) a special state that cannot be characterized as either REM or NREM. 
A) always REM. 
B) always NREM. 
C) a mixture of REM and NREM. 
D) a special state that cannot be characterized as either REM or NREM.

Question 17

Meredith has been having a great amount of difficulty falling asleep at night.She lays in her bed for one or two hours before getting close to sleep,and despite the fact that she stays there it is often 3 hours before she nods off.This has been an on and off problem for months,and is starting to cause serious disruption to her life.Meredith may be suffering from​

Accepted Answer

A) pseudoinsomnia 
B) maintenance insomnia 
C) onset insomnia 
D) apneic insomnia 
A) pseudoinsomnia 
B) maintenance insomnia 
C) onset insomnia 
D) apneic insomnia

Question 18

Ryan's little brother frequently wakes up screaming a few hours after going to bed and complains about a "bear" sitting on him.It is likely that Ryan's brother is experiencing​

Accepted Answer

A) myoclonia. 
B) a sleep terror. 
C) a nightmare. 
D) lucid dreaming. 
A) myoclonia. 
B) a sleep terror. 
C) a nightmare. 
D) lucid dreaming.

Question 19

Given the fact that major depressive disorder is correlated with low levels of serotonin activity,explain why we would expect abnormalities of REM sleep in people diagnosed with depression.What types of sleep patterns would we expect to see? How would medications boosting serotonin activity affect sleep?​

Accepted Answer

Major depressive disorder is correlated

Question 20

Human ultradian cycles are about _________ minutes long.​

Accepted Answer

A) 10-30 
B) 30-60 
C) 60-90 
D) 90-120 
A) 10-30 
B) 30-60 
C) 60-90 
D) 90-120

Which of the following is an accurate description of the effects of zeitgebers on the body's internal clocks?

PGO waves are usually observed

What evidence points to a role for orexins (hypocretins)in narcolepsy?

Dreams during NREM sleep are

What is a REM-on area,and where are these located?

The transition from drowsy wakefulness to Stage 1 NREM sleep can usually be determined by the presence of more _________ wave activity.

Sleep patterns are most likely to change at puberty due to:

K-complexes are brief bursts of brain activity observed in the EEG of a person in Stage 2 NREM sleep.

The frequency of sleep terrors is

The stress of crossing multiple time zones during air travel may

The sleep during a narcoleptic attack is characterized by

Acetylcholine (ACh)levels in the brain are high during _ sleep,but lower during sleep.

During REM sleep,

Cells forming the retinohypothalamic pathway contain

Unless some type of pathology is present,the first segment of sleep is

Ryan's little brother frequently wakes up screaming a few hours after going to bed and complains about a "bear" sitting on him.It is likely that Ryan's brother is experiencing

Human ultradian cycles are about _________ minutes long.

What Is Behavioral Neuroscience

Functional Neuroanatomy and the Evolution of the Nervous System

Neurophysiology: the Structure and Functions of the Cells of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Movement

Homeostasis and Motivation

Sexual Behavior

Learning and Memory

Hemispheric Asymmetry, language, and Intelligence

Emotion, reward, aggression, and Stress

Neuropsychology

Psychopathology

Filters

Exam 11: Sleep and Waking

Which of the following is an accurate description of the effects of zeitgebers on the body's internal clocks?​

PGO waves are usually observed​

What evidence points to a role for orexins (hypocretins)in narcolepsy?​

Dreams during NREM sleep are​

What is a REM-on area,and where are these located?​

The transition from drowsy wakefulness to Stage 1 NREM sleep can usually be determined by the presence of more _________ wave activity.

Sleep patterns are most likely to change at puberty due to:​

K-complexes are brief bursts of brain activity observed in the EEG of a person in Stage 2 NREM sleep.​

The frequency of sleep terrors is​

The stress of crossing multiple time zones during air travel may

The sleep during a narcoleptic attack is characterized by​

Acetylcholine (ACh)levels in the brain are high during _______________ sleep,but lower during ______________ sleep.​

During REM sleep,​

Cells forming the retinohypothalamic pathway contain

Unless some type of pathology is present,the first segment of sleep is​

Ryan's little brother frequently wakes up screaming a few hours after going to bed and complains about a "bear" sitting on him.It is likely that Ryan's brother is experiencing​

Human ultradian cycles are about _________ minutes long.​

What Is Behavioral Neuroscience

Functional Neuroanatomy and the Evolution of the Nervous System

Neurophysiology: the Structure and Functions of the Cells of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Movement

Homeostasis and Motivation

Sexual Behavior

Learning and Memory

Hemispheric Asymmetry, language, and Intelligence

Emotion, reward, aggression, and Stress

Neuropsychology

Psychopathology

Filters

Which of the following is an accurate description of the effects of zeitgebers on the body's internal clocks?

PGO waves are usually observed

What evidence points to a role for orexins (hypocretins)in narcolepsy?

Dreams during NREM sleep are

What is a REM-on area,and where are these located?

Sleep patterns are most likely to change at puberty due to:

K-complexes are brief bursts of brain activity observed in the EEG of a person in Stage 2 NREM sleep.

The frequency of sleep terrors is

The sleep during a narcoleptic attack is characterized by

Acetylcholine (ACh)levels in the brain are high during _ sleep,but lower during sleep.

During REM sleep,

Unless some type of pathology is present,the first segment of sleep is

Ryan's little brother frequently wakes up screaming a few hours after going to bed and complains about a "bear" sitting on him.It is likely that Ryan's brother is experiencing

Human ultradian cycles are about _________ minutes long.