Exam 11: Travelers Diarrhea: Identifying the Causative Agent

In January a 4-month-old girl is seen by her family physician. Her mother noted that she has been coughing and has had a slight fever for 3 days and recently developed difficulty breathing that is characterized by wheezing. She has a runny nose composed of clear fluid with some cells present. X-rays show her lungs are clear of infection. Examination of the nasal discharge is likely to show what entity to confirm diagnosis?

A functional virogene is missing in

A patient with a chronic cough is given a tuberculin skin test, which when properly read has a zone of induration greater than 15 mm. What does this mean?

One of the hallmarks of viral infections of the temporal lobe of the brain is

A receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is

After a trip to Peru to adopt a 6-month-old baby, a 32-year-old woman and her new baby both develop profuse, watery diarrhea with flecks of mucus. Both are hospitalized because of the severity and rapidity of the dehydration, but neither one is febrile. What is the most likely causative agent?

A 26-year-old woman presents with high fever, painful and frequent urination, and left flank pain. The isolate is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobe that is oxidase-negative and ferments both glucose and lactose. From these data, what genus is most likely?

Which of the following phrases best describes a prophage?

An 18-year-old New York dirt bike racer, who recently raced for the first time in races along the Mississippi and also in the desert southwest, presents in September with cough, malaise, low-grade fever, myalgias, and chest pain. Rales are heard and respiratory infiltrates are noted on radiograph. Sputum stained with calcofluor white and viewed with an ultraviolet microscope shows hundreds of tiny yeast cells inside white cells. If cultured at room temperature, hyphae with small microconidia and tuberculate macroconidia would grow. What is the most likely causative agent?

A 5-year-old Somali immigrant girl presented to the local Family Medicine Clinic with a 2-day history of headache, earache, and swallowing difficulty. Physical examination showed bilateral swelling of the parotid glands. She had been in this country for 4 months and had started her childhood vaccinations 2 weeks ago. The genetic nature of the pathogen causing her disease is

What is the most important characteristic of the causative agent leading to this particular transmission?

In which of the following phases of growth is a Gram-positive bacterium most susceptible to the action of penicillin?

A nonnucleoside analog that inhibits herpesvirus DNA replication is

A 1-year-old girl who has received no vaccines because of parental fear of autism develops Streptococcal pneumoniae meningitis. Which vaccine might have prevented this?

A child presents with impetigo with bullae. A Gram-positive, beta-hemolytic, catalasepositive, coagulase-positive coccus is isolated. Which of the following is the most likely organism?

An individual is known to have chronic hepatitis B disease. Which serological marker should be monitored to determine if the blood contains the infectious virus?

A 25-year-old resident presents to the emergency department with severe eye pain. She has not been home for 2 days and has had the current pair of contacts continuously in her eyes for 6 weeks. What major protective mechanism of the eye could not keep up with such contaminated contacts, resulting in infection?

In January, a 74-year-old woman is brought to the hospital emergency department by her husband, who states that she had complained of a fever and headache during the past week. During the last 2 days, she has been confused and cannot perform her daily chores. Her physical examination indicates some weaknesses in her left side and her head MRI shows necrosis in the right temporal lobe. What is the most likely causative agent?

The role of macrophages in the immune response includes all of the following functions except

Several workers in a turkey processing plant develop a mild conjunctivitis without corneal involvement. No bacteria can be identified. The most probable cause is