Question 1

A brinkmanship crisis resembles which type of game (from game theory)?

Accepted Answer

A) Prisoner's Dilemma. 
B) Stag Hunt. 
C) Battle of the Sexes. 
D) Turkey Shoot. 
E) Chicken. 
A) Prisoner's Dilemma. 
B) Stag Hunt. 
C) Battle of the Sexes. 
D) Turkey Shoot. 
E) Chicken.

Question 2

In the figure,what set of deals does B prefer to war?

Accepted Answer

A) Costs to A + costs to B + value of war to B. 
B) Value of war to A. 
C) Those in the shaded area labeled "bargaining range." 
D) Value of war to A + costs to A + costs to B. 
E) Value of war to B. 
A) Costs to A + costs to B + value of war to B. 
B) Value of war to A. 
C) Those in the shaded area labeled "bargaining range." 
D) Value of war to A + costs to A + costs to B. 
E) Value of war to B.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of compellence?

Accepted Answer

A) The Soviet Union refusing to return control of the Kurile Islands to Japan. 
B) The United States invading the Dominican Republic in response to a military coup. 
C) The Soviet Union invading Afghanistan in order to support its allies in the Afghan government. 
D) The Soviet Union threatening to attack Europe so that it could spread communism. 
E) The United States threatening Cuba if it did not remove Soviet missiles during the Cuban missile crisis. 
A) The Soviet Union refusing to return control of the Kurile Islands to Japan. 
B) The United States invading the Dominican Republic in response to a military coup. 
C) The Soviet Union invading Afghanistan in order to support its allies in the Afghan government. 
D) The Soviet Union threatening to attack Europe so that it could spread communism. 
E) The United States threatening Cuba if it did not remove Soviet missiles during the Cuban missile crisis.

Question 4

What is the bargaining model of war? How does it explain why war occurs?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the bargaining model of war?...

Question 5

How can we make war less likely? In your answer make sure to include a discussion of the costs of war,the credibility of commitments,and the divisibility of goods.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How can we make war less likely?...

Question 6

Which is the best definition of total war?

Accepted Answer

A) A state mobilizes its entire military and economic resources. 
B) Most of the states in the world are involved in the war. 
C) Most of the states in one region are involved in the war. 
D) The war lasts more than three years. 
E) The war results in at least 1,000 battle deaths. 
A) A state mobilizes its entire military and economic resources. 
B) Most of the states in the world are involved in the war. 
C) Most of the states in one region are involved in the war. 
D) The war lasts more than three years. 
E) The war results in at least 1,000 battle deaths.

Question 7

The United States did not believe China would intervene in the Korean War,because:

Accepted Answer

A) the Chinese government had been an ally of the United States. 
B) China had no apparent strategic interest in protecting North Korea. 
C) China obviously lacked the capability to effectively launch an attack against U.S.troops. 
D) the Chinese government did not pay any real cost to making the threat. 
E) U.S.troops were acting under the authority of the United Nations. 
A) the Chinese government had been an ally of the United States. 
B) China had no apparent strategic interest in protecting North Korea. 
C) China obviously lacked the capability to effectively launch an attack against U.S.troops. 
D) the Chinese government did not pay any real cost to making the threat. 
E) U.S.troops were acting under the authority of the United Nations.

Question 8

All of the following are reasons a state might dispute a settlement that was not its ideal point EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) an ally of the opposing state has made a credible extended deterrent threat. 
B) an international organization forced the state to accept the settlement. 
C) it expects to gain future power that would allow it to renegotiate the settlement. 
D) the cost of going to war over the dispute would be more costly than accepting the settlement. 
E) the state does not have the capabilities or resolution to further pursue the issue. 
A) an ally of the opposing state has made a credible extended deterrent threat. 
B) an international organization forced the state to accept the settlement. 
C) it expects to gain future power that would allow it to renegotiate the settlement. 
D) the cost of going to war over the dispute would be more costly than accepting the settlement. 
E) the state does not have the capabilities or resolution to further pursue the issue.

Question 9

Why is it difficult to make a threat of attack seem credible to an opponent?

Accepted Answer

A) States rarely have the capability to actually attack another country. 
B) The opponent can easily tell when the threatening state is bluffing. 
C) Opponents have access to enough information about the other state to discredit its threats. 
D) The threat of such a war can seem too costly to be a reasonable option. 
E) The opponent may not realize how costly war can be. 
A) States rarely have the capability to actually attack another country. 
B) The opponent can easily tell when the threatening state is bluffing. 
C) Opponents have access to enough information about the other state to discredit its threats. 
D) The threat of such a war can seem too costly to be a reasonable option. 
E) The opponent may not realize how costly war can be.

Question 10

How did incomplete information cause Kuwait to make a mistake when Iraq threatened to attack in 1990?

Accepted Answer

A) Kuwait did not have diplomatic relations with Iraq and therefore did not have an opportunity to make concessions to Iraq. 
B) Kuwait did not know that Saddam Hussein was willing to wage war and decided not to make sufficient concessions. 
C) Kuwait did not know that Saddam Hussein had moved many of his troops to the border between Iraq and Kuwait. 
D) Kuwait had decided to make the concessions that Saddam Hussein wanted,but the message to Iraq was not properly sent by Kuwaiti bureaucrats. 
E) Kuwait did not know that the United States would come to its aid if a war was to occur. 
A) Kuwait did not have diplomatic relations with Iraq and therefore did not have an opportunity to make concessions to Iraq. 
B) Kuwait did not know that Saddam Hussein was willing to wage war and decided not to make sufficient concessions. 
C) Kuwait did not know that Saddam Hussein had moved many of his troops to the border between Iraq and Kuwait. 
D) Kuwait had decided to make the concessions that Saddam Hussein wanted,but the message to Iraq was not properly sent by Kuwaiti bureaucrats. 
E) Kuwait did not know that the United States would come to its aid if a war was to occur.

Question 11

All of the following are ways to make war less likely EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) increasing the costs of going to war. 
B) increasing transparency. 
C) outside enforcement of commitments. 
D) increasing the number of actors involved in a conflict. 
E) dividing apparently indivisible goods. 
A) increasing the costs of going to war. 
B) increasing transparency. 
C) outside enforcement of commitments. 
D) increasing the number of actors involved in a conflict. 
E) dividing apparently indivisible goods.

Question 12

Which is an example of interstate war?

Accepted Answer

A) A government committing acts of genocide against an ethnic group,where several thousand civilians are killed. 
B) A government fighting a well-armed rebel group within its territory,where several thousand soldiers have died on the battlefield. 
C) Two governments fighting each other,where several hundred soldiers have died on the battlefield. 
D) Two governments fighting each other,where several thousand soldiers have died on the battlefield. 
E) A government engaged in counter-insurgency activity against an international group that employs terrorism,in which several thousand people on both sides of the conflict have died. 
A) A government committing acts of genocide against an ethnic group,where several thousand civilians are killed. 
B) A government fighting a well-armed rebel group within its territory,where several thousand soldiers have died on the battlefield. 
C) Two governments fighting each other,where several hundred soldiers have died on the battlefield. 
D) Two governments fighting each other,where several thousand soldiers have died on the battlefield. 
E) A government engaged in counter-insurgency activity against an international group that employs terrorism,in which several thousand people on both sides of the conflict have died.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about compellence is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Compellence is an effort to preserve the status quo by threatening to use force. 
B) Compellence is an effort to force other actors to accept international mediation. 
C) Compellence is an effort to change the status quo by threatening to use force. 
D) Compellence is the effort to force other actors to fulfill their alliance obligations. 
E) Compellence is the effort to create an effective international peace agreement. 
A) Compellence is an effort to preserve the status quo by threatening to use force. 
B) Compellence is an effort to force other actors to accept international mediation. 
C) Compellence is an effort to change the status quo by threatening to use force. 
D) Compellence is the effort to force other actors to fulfill their alliance obligations. 
E) Compellence is the effort to create an effective international peace agreement.

Question 14

Why is war a relatively rare occurrence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is war a relatively rare occurrence?...

Question 15

Which is true of World War I?

Accepted Answer

A) Leaders expected the war to be the longest war in history. 
B) Leaders thought the war would be average length and prepared for it. 
C) Leaders expected the war to be short. 
D) Leaders had fairly realistic expectations for the war. 
E) The war claimed more lives than any other war in human history. 
A) Leaders expected the war to be the longest war in history. 
B) Leaders thought the war would be average length and prepared for it. 
C) Leaders expected the war to be short. 
D) Leaders had fairly realistic expectations for the war. 
E) The war claimed more lives than any other war in human history.

Question 16

Which of the following is the most common reason states have historically gone to war?

Accepted Answer

A) Two states claim the same territory. 
B) A state resents another state's high tariffs on its imports. 
C) The populations of two states are composed of two conflicting ethnic groups. 
D) A state wants a neighboring state to change into a democratic government. 
E) A state thinks another state is cheating on an arms-reduction agreement. 
A) Two states claim the same territory. 
B) A state resents another state's high tariffs on its imports. 
C) The populations of two states are composed of two conflicting ethnic groups. 
D) A state wants a neighboring state to change into a democratic government. 
E) A state thinks another state is cheating on an arms-reduction agreement.

Question 17

What has made negotiations with North Korea over its WMD programs difficult?

Accepted Answer

A) The leadership of North Korea is irrational. 
B) North Korea refuses to make any concessions. 
C) Other states are generally not interested in North Korea,due to its poverty. 
D) The demands made by other states have been unclear to North Korea. 
E) North Korea is unwilling to lose the security that comes with nuclear weapons. 
A) The leadership of North Korea is irrational. 
B) North Korea refuses to make any concessions. 
C) Other states are generally not interested in North Korea,due to its poverty. 
D) The demands made by other states have been unclear to North Korea. 
E) North Korea is unwilling to lose the security that comes with nuclear weapons.

Question 18

In the figure,what set of deals does A prefer to war?

Accepted Answer

A) Costs to A + costs to B + value of war to B. 
B) Value of war to A. 
C) Those in the shaded area labeled "bargaining range." 
D) Value of war to A + costs to A + costs to B. 
E) Value of war to B. 
A) Costs to A + costs to B + value of war to B. 
B) Value of war to A. 
C) Those in the shaded area labeled "bargaining range." 
D) Value of war to A + costs to A + costs to B. 
E) Value of war to B.

Question 19

Which of the following accurately describes the "bargaining range"?

Accepted Answer

A) The possible outcomes to which states can agree without going to war over a dispute. 
B) The number of demands a state makes in a crisis. 
C) The types of demands a state makes in a crisis. 
D) The number of actors involved in a dispute. 
E) The amount of territory states claim in a dispute. 
A) The possible outcomes to which states can agree without going to war over a dispute. 
B) The number of demands a state makes in a crisis. 
C) The types of demands a state makes in a crisis. 
D) The number of actors involved in a dispute. 
E) The amount of territory states claim in a dispute.

Question 20

Why do states use brinkmanship?

Accepted Answer

A) States are always on the verge of going to war. 
B) States can signal a high level of resolve by making a threat that appears likely to trigger extraordinary costs. 
C) States can make significant threats but know they will always be able to hold back from starting a war. 
D) States know that there is no real possibility of a crisis escalating into a devastating nuclear war. 
E) A state can pretend to be taking a tough stand to please domestic groups while secretly negotiating a peaceful settlement with other states. 
A) States are always on the verge of going to war. 
B) States can signal a high level of resolve by making a threat that appears likely to trigger extraordinary costs. 
C) States can make significant threats but know they will always be able to hold back from starting a war. 
D) States know that there is no real possibility of a crisis escalating into a devastating nuclear war. 
E) A state can pretend to be taking a tough stand to please domestic groups while secretly negotiating a peaceful settlement with other states.

A brinkmanship crisis resembles which type of game (from game theory)?

In the figure,what set of deals does B prefer to war?

Which of the following is an example of compellence?

What is the bargaining model of war? How does it explain why war occurs?

How can we make war less likely? In your answer make sure to include a discussion of the costs of war,the credibility of commitments,and the divisibility of goods.

Which is the best definition of total war?

The United States did not believe China would intervene in the Korean War,because:

All of the following are reasons a state might dispute a settlement that was not its ideal point EXCEPT:

Why is it difficult to make a threat of attack seem credible to an opponent?

How did incomplete information cause Kuwait to make a mistake when Iraq threatened to attack in 1990?

All of the following are ways to make war less likely EXCEPT:

Which is an example of interstate war?

Which of the following statements about compellence is true?

Why is war a relatively rare occurrence?

Which is true of World War I?

Which of the following is the most common reason states have historically gone to war?

What has made negotiations with North Korea over its WMD programs difficult?

In the figure,what set of deals does A prefer to war?

Which of the following accurately describes the "bargaining range"?

Why do states use brinkmanship?

Introduction

What Shaped Our World

Understanding Interests, interactions, and Institutions

Domestic Politics and War

International Institutions and War

Violence by Nonstate Actors: Civil War and Terrorism

International Trade

International Financial Relations

International Monetary Relations

Development: Causes of the Wealth and Poverty of Nations

International Law and Norms

Human Rights

The Global Environment

The Future of International Politics

Foundations, war, and Peace

International Political Economy, transnational Politics, and Looking Ahead

Filters

Exam 4: Why Are There Wars

A brinkmanship crisis resembles which type of game (from game theory)?

In the figure,what set of deals does B prefer to war?

Which of the following is an example of compellence?

What is the bargaining model of war? How does it explain why war occurs?

How can we make war less likely? In your answer make sure to include a discussion of the costs of war,the credibility of commitments,and the divisibility of goods.

Which is the best definition of total war?

The United States did not believe China would intervene in the Korean War,because:

All of the following are reasons a state might dispute a settlement that was not its ideal point EXCEPT:

Why is it difficult to make a threat of attack seem credible to an opponent?

How did incomplete information cause Kuwait to make a mistake when Iraq threatened to attack in 1990?

All of the following are ways to make war less likely EXCEPT:

Which is an example of interstate war?

Which of the following statements about compellence is true?

Why is war a relatively rare occurrence?

Which is true of World War I?

Which of the following is the most common reason states have historically gone to war?

What has made negotiations with North Korea over its WMD programs difficult?

In the figure,what set of deals does A prefer to war?

Which of the following accurately describes the "bargaining range"?

Why do states use brinkmanship?

Introduction

What Shaped Our World

Understanding Interests, interactions, and Institutions

Domestic Politics and War

International Institutions and War

Violence by Nonstate Actors: Civil War and Terrorism

International Trade

International Financial Relations

International Monetary Relations

Development: Causes of the Wealth and Poverty of Nations

International Law and Norms

Human Rights

The Global Environment

The Future of International Politics

Foundations, war, and Peace

International Political Economy, transnational Politics, and Looking Ahead

Filters