Question 1

Which country or area is the greatest source of new pollutants?

Accepted Answer

A) The United States. 
B) Europe. 
C) Japan. 
D) Russia. 
E) China. 
A) The United States. 
B) Europe. 
C) Japan. 
D) Russia. 
E) China.

Question 2

Why has the U.S.auto industry opposed efforts to reduce emissions?

Accepted Answer

A) The required new technologies would raise the price of cars,and this would reduce manufacturers' profits. 
B) They do not believe that auto emissions are harmful. 
C) They believe that more reductions in emissions are unnecessary because auto manufacturers in other countries have already reduced emissions enough to prevent global warming. 
D) Consumers do not buy low-emission automobiles. 
E) They have already reduced emissions as much as possible. 
A) The required new technologies would raise the price of cars,and this would reduce manufacturers' profits. 
B) They do not believe that auto emissions are harmful. 
C) They believe that more reductions in emissions are unnecessary because auto manufacturers in other countries have already reduced emissions enough to prevent global warming. 
D) Consumers do not buy low-emission automobiles. 
E) They have already reduced emissions as much as possible.

Question 3

Why was the problem of acid rain more easily resolved than other issues?

Accepted Answer

A) The pollution affected relatively few states,making cooperation easier. 
B) The pollution affected a large number of states,which led to widespread concern. 
C) It was inexpensive to reduce the emission of the pollutants that caused acid rain. 
D) The major polluters were developing countries that were easily pressured by more powerful states to reduce pollution levels. 
E) Firms were already moving away from using coal-burning plants and toward utilizing cleaner technology. 
A) The pollution affected relatively few states,making cooperation easier. 
B) The pollution affected a large number of states,which led to widespread concern. 
C) It was inexpensive to reduce the emission of the pollutants that caused acid rain. 
D) The major polluters were developing countries that were easily pressured by more powerful states to reduce pollution levels. 
E) Firms were already moving away from using coal-burning plants and toward utilizing cleaner technology.

Question 4

The relationship between development (as measured in per capita income)and environmental protection suggests that the relationship is:

Accepted Answer

A) linearly decreasing. 
B) linearly increasing. 
C) a mostly negative relationship that rebounds slightly upward toward higher values. 
D) a mostly positive relationship that rebounds slightly downward toward higher values. 
E) The data are inconsistent,and there appears to be no relationship. 
A) linearly decreasing. 
B) linearly increasing. 
C) a mostly negative relationship that rebounds slightly upward toward higher values. 
D) a mostly positive relationship that rebounds slightly downward toward higher values. 
E) The data are inconsistent,and there appears to be no relationship.

Question 5

Explain how interests and interactions make international environmental cooperation difficult to achieve,even when major actors have a shared interest in preserving the environment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how interests and interactions make international...

Question 6

What explains the United States' position on reducing carbon emissions?

Accepted Answer

A) The United States has always had an environmentally friendly foreign policy. 
B) Citizens in the United States have pushed their government to support environmentally friendly policies. 
C) The United States is not likely to be as significantly affected by global warming as other countries. 
D) Firms in the United States have realized they could make more profits by allowing the government to share their technological advances with developed countries. 
E) The United States will be significantly affected by global warming and is using its influence so other countries will reduce carbon emissions as much as possible. 
A) The United States has always had an environmentally friendly foreign policy. 
B) Citizens in the United States have pushed their government to support environmentally friendly policies. 
C) The United States is not likely to be as significantly affected by global warming as other countries. 
D) Firms in the United States have realized they could make more profits by allowing the government to share their technological advances with developed countries. 
E) The United States will be significantly affected by global warming and is using its influence so other countries will reduce carbon emissions as much as possible.

Question 7

The depletion of the whale population due to hunting is an example of all of the following phenomena EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) public goods. 
B) rival in consumption. 
C) overexploitation. 
D) common pool resources. 
E) nonexcludability. 
A) public goods. 
B) rival in consumption. 
C) overexploitation. 
D) common pool resources. 
E) nonexcludability.

Question 8

Which of the following greenhouse gases is primarily responsible for our current concerns about global warming?

Accepted Answer

A) Methane. 
B) Water vapor. 
C) Carbon dioxide. 
D) Nitrous oxide. 
E) Ozone. 
A) Methane. 
B) Water vapor. 
C) Carbon dioxide. 
D) Nitrous oxide. 
E) Ozone.

Question 9

Limiting environmental control (heating and cooling)of personal houses in order to limit environmental consequences is an example of a:

Accepted Answer

A) collective action problem. 
B) coordination game. 
C) cooperation game. 
D) strategic interaction. 
E) principal-agent problem. 
A) collective action problem. 
B) coordination game. 
C) cooperation game. 
D) strategic interaction. 
E) principal-agent problem.

Question 10

Why is the problem of ozone depletion different from the problem of global warming?

Accepted Answer

A) Stopping ozone depletion involves easily manipulated developing countries,whereas global warming involves more powerful developed countries. 
B) Ozone depletion is not a collective action problem,but stopping global warming is a collective action problem. 
C) There are few CFC-producing countries,but nearly all industrialized and industrializing countries emit greenhouse gases. 
D) Ozone depletion is a much more serious threat than global warming. 
E) The United States has emitted a much smaller percentage of CFCs than of greenhouse gases. 
A) Stopping ozone depletion involves easily manipulated developing countries,whereas global warming involves more powerful developed countries. 
B) Ozone depletion is not a collective action problem,but stopping global warming is a collective action problem. 
C) There are few CFC-producing countries,but nearly all industrialized and industrializing countries emit greenhouse gases. 
D) Ozone depletion is a much more serious threat than global warming. 
E) The United States has emitted a much smaller percentage of CFCs than of greenhouse gases.

Question 11

Why is it cheaper and easier to prevent environmental damage in developing countries?

Accepted Answer

A) Firms in developed countries have already adopted cleaner technologies,but many firms in developing countries are still using older,more polluting technologies. 
B) Labor costs are lower in developing countries,which means it is cheaper to hire workers to refurbish firms with new technologies. 
C) Labor costs are lower in developing countries,which means firms in developing countries can profit from using workers instead of highly polluting machinery. 
D) Wealthy countries can afford to sell new technologies at lower prices in developing countries,because of favorable exchange rates. 
E) Developing countries are weak,and the United States and European countries can easily force them into complying with environmental regulations. 
A) Firms in developed countries have already adopted cleaner technologies,but many firms in developing countries are still using older,more polluting technologies. 
B) Labor costs are lower in developing countries,which means it is cheaper to hire workers to refurbish firms with new technologies. 
C) Labor costs are lower in developing countries,which means firms in developing countries can profit from using workers instead of highly polluting machinery. 
D) Wealthy countries can afford to sell new technologies at lower prices in developing countries,because of favorable exchange rates. 
E) Developing countries are weak,and the United States and European countries can easily force them into complying with environmental regulations.

Question 12

How did Europe's Emissions Trading Scheme work?

Accepted Answer

A) European countries banned trade with firms that polluted in excess of their allowances. 
B) European countries traded new antipollution technology to firms in developing countries that committed to reducing carbon emissions. 
C) Firms were given allowances for greenhouse gas emissions that they could sell or buy depending on their own efficiency. 
D) Firms in Europe established their own regulations to limit carbon emissions. 
E) European governments gave tax credits to firms that reduced their carbon emissions. 
A) European countries banned trade with firms that polluted in excess of their allowances. 
B) European countries traded new antipollution technology to firms in developing countries that committed to reducing carbon emissions. 
C) Firms were given allowances for greenhouse gas emissions that they could sell or buy depending on their own efficiency. 
D) Firms in Europe established their own regulations to limit carbon emissions. 
E) European governments gave tax credits to firms that reduced their carbon emissions.

Question 13

The case of ozone depletion indicates that:

Accepted Answer

A) progress is sometimes possible,despite the presence of special interests. 
B) special interests are rarely successful in blocking environmental regulations. 
C) the presence of special interests always win out over the collective interest for a cleaner environment. 
D) special interests can successfully mobilize citizens to take on their governments. 
E) special interests can subvert Superfund cleanup rules. 
A) progress is sometimes possible,despite the presence of special interests. 
B) special interests are rarely successful in blocking environmental regulations. 
C) the presence of special interests always win out over the collective interest for a cleaner environment. 
D) special interests can successfully mobilize citizens to take on their governments. 
E) special interests can subvert Superfund cleanup rules.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the ozone layer is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) The ozone layer blocks harmful ultraviolet radiation from reaching Earth's surface. 
B) The ozone layer is essential to life on Earth. 
C) The ozone layer is harmed by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)in the atmosphere. 
D) The ozone layer continues to thin,with no improvement in sight. 
E) The ozone layer has a "hole" in it over Antarctica. 
A) The ozone layer blocks harmful ultraviolet radiation from reaching Earth's surface. 
B) The ozone layer is essential to life on Earth. 
C) The ozone layer is harmed by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)in the atmosphere. 
D) The ozone layer continues to thin,with no improvement in sight. 
E) The ozone layer has a "hole" in it over Antarctica.

Question 15

How has the participation of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)become institutionalized in the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC)?

Accepted Answer

A) NGOs can attend meetings unless at least one-third of the member states object. 
B) NGOs have become full-fledged members of the FCCC. 
C) NGOs have become official monitors of compliance with FCCC standards. 
D) NGOs have become the neutral dispute-resolution mechanism for the FCCC. 
E) NGOs have become official representatives for poor countries who cannot afford to send diplomats to many international conferences. 
A) NGOs can attend meetings unless at least one-third of the member states object. 
B) NGOs have become full-fledged members of the FCCC. 
C) NGOs have become official monitors of compliance with FCCC standards. 
D) NGOs have become the neutral dispute-resolution mechanism for the FCCC. 
E) NGOs have become official representatives for poor countries who cannot afford to send diplomats to many international conferences.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a reason that we avoid changing our personal behaviors to preserve our environment?

Accepted Answer

A) We seek to "free ride" from others. 
B) We know our individual actions will have only a small effect. 
C) Our incentives to individually defect are greater than our incentives to cooperate. 
D) We believe that the chances of being caught are small enough to risk not changing. 
E) We do not wish to pay the costs of such a change. 
A) We seek to "free ride" from others. 
B) We know our individual actions will have only a small effect. 
C) Our incentives to individually defect are greater than our incentives to cooperate. 
D) We believe that the chances of being caught are small enough to risk not changing. 
E) We do not wish to pay the costs of such a change.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about dispute resolution mechanisms is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) The Montreal Protocol to the Vienna Convention was the first international environmental agreement to develop a type of dispute resolution mechanism. 
B) The Kyoto Protocol has both a facilitative branch and an enforcement branch in its Compliance Committee. 
C) The dispute resolution mechanism of the Montreal Protocol was used to push Russia to comply with its emissions obligations. 
D) Most international environmental agreements have currently developed dispute resolution mechanisms. 
E) The Kyoto Protocol is considered a model for other environmental agreements with regard to dispute resolution. 
A) The Montreal Protocol to the Vienna Convention was the first international environmental agreement to develop a type of dispute resolution mechanism. 
B) The Kyoto Protocol has both a facilitative branch and an enforcement branch in its Compliance Committee. 
C) The dispute resolution mechanism of the Montreal Protocol was used to push Russia to comply with its emissions obligations. 
D) Most international environmental agreements have currently developed dispute resolution mechanisms. 
E) The Kyoto Protocol is considered a model for other environmental agreements with regard to dispute resolution.

Question 18

How can international institutions help implement international environmental agreements?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How can international institutions help implement international...

Question 19

Why is cooperation to improve the environment sometimes like a Prisoner's Dilemma?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is cooperation to improve the environment...

Question 20

How does China's economic development affect its pollution levels?

Accepted Answer

A) China already emits more CO2 per capita than the United States. 
B) In the future China will emit more greenhouse gases than all developed countries combined. 
C) China is expected to comply with the greenhouse gas emissions set by the Kyoto Protocol. 
D) Despite its rapid industrialization,China's CO2 emissions have remained the same. 
E) Despite its large population and rapid development,China has reduced its greenhouse gas emissions. 
A) China already emits more CO2 per capita than the United States. 
B) In the future China will emit more greenhouse gases than all developed countries combined. 
C) China is expected to comply with the greenhouse gas emissions set by the Kyoto Protocol. 
D) Despite its rapid industrialization,China's CO2 emissions have remained the same. 
E) Despite its large population and rapid development,China has reduced its greenhouse gas emissions.

Which country or area is the greatest source of new pollutants?

Why has the U.S.auto industry opposed efforts to reduce emissions?

Why was the problem of acid rain more easily resolved than other issues?

The relationship between development (as measured in per capita income)and environmental protection suggests that the relationship is:

Explain how interests and interactions make international environmental cooperation difficult to achieve,even when major actors have a shared interest in preserving the environment.

What explains the United States' position on reducing carbon emissions?

The depletion of the whale population due to hunting is an example of all of the following phenomena EXCEPT:

Which of the following greenhouse gases is primarily responsible for our current concerns about global warming?

Limiting environmental control (heating and cooling)of personal houses in order to limit environmental consequences is an example of a:

Why is the problem of ozone depletion different from the problem of global warming?

Why is it cheaper and easier to prevent environmental damage in developing countries?

How did Europe's Emissions Trading Scheme work?

The case of ozone depletion indicates that:

Which of the following statements about the ozone layer is FALSE?

How has the participation of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)become institutionalized in the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC)?

Which of the following is NOT a reason that we avoid changing our personal behaviors to preserve our environment?

Which of the following statements about dispute resolution mechanisms is FALSE?

How can international institutions help implement international environmental agreements?

Why is cooperation to improve the environment sometimes like a Prisoner's Dilemma?

How does China's economic development affect its pollution levels?

Introduction

What Shaped Our World

Understanding Interests, interactions, and Institutions

Why Are There Wars

Domestic Politics and War

International Institutions and War

Violence by Nonstate Actors: Civil War and Terrorism

International Trade

International Financial Relations

International Monetary Relations

Development: Causes of the Wealth and Poverty of Nations

International Law and Norms

Human Rights

The Future of International Politics

Foundations, war, and Peace

International Political Economy, transnational Politics, and Looking Ahead

Filters

Exam 14: The Global Environment

Which country or area is the greatest source of new pollutants?

Why has the U.S.auto industry opposed efforts to reduce emissions?

Why was the problem of acid rain more easily resolved than other issues?

The relationship between development (as measured in per capita income)and environmental protection suggests that the relationship is:

Explain how interests and interactions make international environmental cooperation difficult to achieve,even when major actors have a shared interest in preserving the environment.

What explains the United States' position on reducing carbon emissions?

The depletion of the whale population due to hunting is an example of all of the following phenomena EXCEPT:

Which of the following greenhouse gases is primarily responsible for our current concerns about global warming?

Limiting environmental control (heating and cooling)of personal houses in order to limit environmental consequences is an example of a:

Why is the problem of ozone depletion different from the problem of global warming?

Why is it cheaper and easier to prevent environmental damage in developing countries?

How did Europe's Emissions Trading Scheme work?

The case of ozone depletion indicates that:

Which of the following statements about the ozone layer is FALSE?

How has the participation of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)become institutionalized in the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC)?

Which of the following is NOT a reason that we avoid changing our personal behaviors to preserve our environment?

Which of the following statements about dispute resolution mechanisms is FALSE?

How can international institutions help implement international environmental agreements?

Why is cooperation to improve the environment sometimes like a Prisoner's Dilemma?

How does China's economic development affect its pollution levels?

Introduction

What Shaped Our World

Understanding Interests, interactions, and Institutions

Why Are There Wars

Domestic Politics and War

International Institutions and War

Violence by Nonstate Actors: Civil War and Terrorism

International Trade

International Financial Relations

International Monetary Relations

Development: Causes of the Wealth and Poverty of Nations

International Law and Norms

Human Rights

The Future of International Politics

Foundations, war, and Peace

International Political Economy, transnational Politics, and Looking Ahead

Filters