Question 1

Psychologists have used operant conditioning to help people who __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  have phobias 
B)  have learning disabilities 
C)  want to stop smoking 
D)  all of these 
A)  have phobias 
B)  have learning disabilities 
C)  want to stop smoking 
D)  all of these

Question 2

Making Connections in Learning: According to the Feist and Rosenberg text, the best explanation for why people continue their habit of smoking cigarettes is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  negative punishment 
C)  the expression of unconditioned responses 
D)  the expression of conditioned responses 
A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  negative punishment 
C)  the expression of unconditioned responses 
D)  the expression of conditioned responses

Question 3

When Mike checks his e-mail, he usually finds funny and interesting messages from his friends. Therefore, Mike checks his e-mail frequently. This is an example of which type of learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Classical conditioning 
B)  Operant conditioning 
C)  Observational learning 
D)  none of these 
A)  Classical conditioning 
B)  Operant conditioning 
C)  Observational learning 
D)  none of these

Question 4

Learning occurs readily in response to particular stimuli during a ______________, and after this time it becomes much harder to learn certain skills and information.

Accepted Answer

A)  behavior modification 
B)  instinctive drift 
C)  spontaneous recovery 
D)  sensitivity period 
A)  behavior modification 
B)  instinctive drift 
C)  spontaneous recovery 
D)  sensitivity period

Question 5

Which of the following scenarios best depicts variable-ratio reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bishop gives his dog a treat every time the dog barks on command. 
B)  Dexter continues to put money into slot machines because he never knows how many pulls of the arm it will take to win the jackpot. 
C)  Doreen does not study for her accounting exams until one or two nights before the test is scheduled. 
D)  Agatha frequently studies the material from her physics class because she is not certain when the professor will be giving pop quizzes. 
A)  Bishop gives his dog a treat every time the dog barks on command. 
B)  Dexter continues to put money into slot machines because he never knows how many pulls of the arm it will take to win the jackpot. 
C)  Doreen does not study for her accounting exams until one or two nights before the test is scheduled. 
D)  Agatha frequently studies the material from her physics class because she is not certain when the professor will be giving pop quizzes.

Question 6

How is applied behavioral analysis (ABA) used to treat autism?

Accepted Answer

A)  It uses reinforcement to increase desired behaviors exhibited by autistic children. 
B)  It uses punishments to decrease undesired behaviors exhibited by autistic children. 
C)  It involves ignoring harmful behaviors exhibited by autistic children. 
D)  all of these 
A)  It uses reinforcement to increase desired behaviors exhibited by autistic children. 
B)  It uses punishments to decrease undesired behaviors exhibited by autistic children. 
C)  It involves ignoring harmful behaviors exhibited by autistic children. 
D)  all of these

Question 7

Newborn Kayla smiles when she sees her father smile. This is most likely a result of which of the following physiological processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mirror neurons are firing. 
B)  The tonic neck reflex is being initiated. 
C)  The parasympathetic nervous system is activated. 
D)  Wernicke's area has been activated. 
A)  Mirror neurons are firing. 
B)  The tonic neck reflex is being initiated. 
C)  The parasympathetic nervous system is activated. 
D)  Wernicke's area has been activated.

Question 8

Which of the following studies is employing backward conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Presenting a tone before a puff of air is blown in a cat's face 
B)  Presenting a flashing light before a puff of air is blown in a cat's face 
C)  Presenting a flashing light before an electric shock is administered to a rat's tail 
D)  Presenting a flashing light after an electric shock is administered to a rat's tail 
A)  Presenting a tone before a puff of air is blown in a cat's face 
B)  Presenting a flashing light before a puff of air is blown in a cat's face 
C)  Presenting a flashing light before an electric shock is administered to a rat's tail 
D)  Presenting a flashing light after an electric shock is administered to a rat's tail

Question 9

Neurogenesis is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the growth of new neurons 
B)  the destruction of neurons 
C)  depriving neurons of oxygen 
D)  mapping of the functions of neurons 
A)  the growth of new neurons 
B)  the destruction of neurons 
C)  depriving neurons of oxygen 
D)  mapping of the functions of neurons

Question 10

In Pavlov's studies, the meat powder served as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) 
B)  an unconditioned response (UR) 
C)  a conditioned stimulus (CS) 
D)  a conditioned response (CR) 
A)  an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) 
B)  an unconditioned response (UR) 
C)  a conditioned stimulus (CS) 
D)  a conditioned response (CR)

Question 11

______________________ is the process of observing and imitating behaviors performed by others.

Accepted Answer

A)  Modeling 
B)  Rewarding 
C)  Discrimination 
D)  Shaping 
A)  Modeling 
B)  Rewarding 
C)  Discrimination 
D)  Shaping

Question 12

Garcia's experimentation with rats showed that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  it takes many pairings of the CS and the UCS to produce a taste aversion 
B)  rats will imprint to the first living organism they see 
C)  learning occurs quickly if successive approximations of a desired behavior are reinforced 
D)  only certain stimuli can be used to produce nausea 
A)  it takes many pairings of the CS and the UCS to produce a taste aversion 
B)  rats will imprint to the first living organism they see 
C)  learning occurs quickly if successive approximations of a desired behavior are reinforced 
D)  only certain stimuli can be used to produce nausea

Question 13

Habituation is often regarded as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the simplest form of learning 
B)  the chance association of two stimuli 
C)  a "false alarm" 
D)  a common orienting response 
A)  the simplest form of learning 
B)  the chance association of two stimuli 
C)  a "false alarm" 
D)  a common orienting response

Question 14

What is the distinction between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Classical conditioning involves instant learning, and operant conditioning involves learning over time. 
B)  Classical conditioning involves learning over time, and operant conditioning involves instant learning. 
C)  Classical conditioning involves learning based on associations, and operant conditioning involves
Learning based on consequences.
D Classical conditioning involves learning based on consequences, and operant conditioning involves
) learning based on associations. 
A)  Classical conditioning involves instant learning, and operant conditioning involves learning over time. 
B)  Classical conditioning involves learning over time, and operant conditioning involves instant learning. 
C)  Classical conditioning involves learning based on associations, and operant conditioning involves
Learning based on consequences.
D Classical conditioning involves learning based on consequences, and operant conditioning involves
) learning based on associations.

Question 15

Which of the following is true with respect to a conditioned taste aversion?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is thought to be an evolutionary adaptation. 
B)  It guides an organism to engage in behaviors that ensure survival and reproductive success. 
C)  It can be accomplished with a single pairing of the CS and the UCS. 
D)  all of these are true. 
A)  It is thought to be an evolutionary adaptation. 
B)  It guides an organism to engage in behaviors that ensure survival and reproductive success. 
C)  It can be accomplished with a single pairing of the CS and the UCS. 
D)  all of these are true.

Question 16

"Give me a dozen healthy infants . . and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist . . . . doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief, and yes, even beggar-man and thief,regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors." This quoteis attributed to which renowned American psychologist?

Accepted Answer

A)  B. F. Skinner 
B)  John B. Watson 
C)  Mary Ainsworth 
D)  Carl Rogers 
A)  B. F. Skinner 
B)  John B. Watson 
C)  Mary Ainsworth 
D)  Carl Rogers

Question 17

Shaniqua is learning how to drive by watching her mother drive. This is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  observational learning 
D)  reinforcement 
A)  classical conditioning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  observational learning 
D)  reinforcement

Question 18

Forward conditioning occurs when the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned response is given before the neutral stimulus is presented 
B)  neutral stimulus is presented immediately before the conditioned response 
C)  unconditioned stimulus is presented at the same time as the neutral stimulus 
D)  neutral stimulus is presented immediately before the unconditioned stimulus 
A)  conditioned response is given before the neutral stimulus is presented 
B)  neutral stimulus is presented immediately before the conditioned response 
C)  unconditioned stimulus is presented at the same time as the neutral stimulus 
D)  neutral stimulus is presented immediately before the unconditioned stimulus

Question 19

Psychologists define learning as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  repeated exposure to a stimulus 
B)  an awareness of both internal and external events 
C)  an enduring change in behavior due to experience 
D)  a change in response to a stimulus 
A)  repeated exposure to a stimulus 
B)  an awareness of both internal and external events 
C)  an enduring change in behavior due to experience 
D)  a change in response to a stimulus

Question 20

A Skinner box is a __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  device psychologists use to test the principles of operant conditioning 
B)  carefully timed procedure in which the UCS is paired with the CS 
C)  contrived social situation used by psychologists to study modeling 
D)  all of these 
A)  device psychologists use to test the principles of operant conditioning 
B)  carefully timed procedure in which the UCS is paired with the CS 
C)  contrived social situation used by psychologists to study modeling 
D)  all of these

Psychologists have used operant conditioning to help people who __________.

Making Connections in Learning: According to the Feist and Rosenberg text, the best explanation for why people continue their habit of smoking cigarettes is __________.

When Mike checks his e-mail, he usually finds funny and interesting messages from his friends. Therefore, Mike checks his e-mail frequently. This is an example of which type of learning?

Learning occurs readily in response to particular stimuli during a ______________, and after this time it becomes much harder to learn certain skills and information.

Which of the following scenarios best depicts variable-ratio reinforcement?

How is applied behavioral analysis (ABA) used to treat autism?

Newborn Kayla smiles when she sees her father smile. This is most likely a result of which of the following physiological processes?

Which of the following studies is employing backward conditioning?

Neurogenesis is __________.

In Pavlov's studies, the meat powder served as __________.

______________________ is the process of observing and imitating behaviors performed by others.

Garcia's experimentation with rats showed that __________.

Habituation is often regarded as __________.

What is the distinction between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

Which of the following is true with respect to a conditioned taste aversion?

Shaniqua is learning how to drive by watching her mother drive. This is an example of __________.

Forward conditioning occurs when the __________.

Psychologists define learning as __________.

A Skinner box is a __________.

Introduction to Psychology

Conducting Psychological Research

The Biology of Behavior

Sensing and Perceiving Our World

The Developing Human

Consciousness

Memory

Language and Thought

Intelligence, Problem-Solving, and Creativity

Motivation and Emotion

Stress, Coping, and Health

Personality and the Uniqueness of the Individual

Social Behavior

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 8: Learning

Psychologists have used operant conditioning to help people who __________.

Making Connections in Learning: According to the Feist and Rosenberg text, the best explanation for why people continue their habit of smoking cigarettes is __________.

When Mike checks his e-mail, he usually finds funny and interesting messages from his friends. Therefore, Mike checks his e-mail frequently. This is an example of which type of learning?

Learning occurs readily in response to particular stimuli during a ______________, and after this time it becomes much harder to learn certain skills and information.

Which of the following scenarios best depicts variable-ratio reinforcement?

How is applied behavioral analysis (ABA) used to treat autism?

Newborn Kayla smiles when she sees her father smile. This is most likely a result of which of the following physiological processes?

Which of the following studies is employing backward conditioning?

Neurogenesis is __________.

In Pavlov's studies, the meat powder served as __________.

______________________ is the process of observing and imitating behaviors performed by others.

Garcia's experimentation with rats showed that __________.

Habituation is often regarded as __________.

What is the distinction between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

Which of the following is true with respect to a conditioned taste aversion?

Shaniqua is learning how to drive by watching her mother drive. This is an example of __________.

Forward conditioning occurs when the __________.

Psychologists define learning as __________.

A Skinner box is a __________.

Introduction to Psychology

Conducting Psychological Research

The Biology of Behavior

Sensing and Perceiving Our World

The Developing Human

Consciousness

Memory

Language and Thought

Intelligence, Problem-Solving, and Creativity

Motivation and Emotion

Stress, Coping, and Health

Personality and the Uniqueness of the Individual

Social Behavior

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters