Question 1

A causal explanation to understand why an event occurred is referred to as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  Construct 
B)  Attribution 
C)  Field 
D)  Schema 
A)  Construct 
B)  Attribution 
C)  Field 
D)  Schema

Question 2

Positive events are more likely to be attributed to internal causes reflecting the self, and negative events are attributed to external causes. This illustrates the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Positive attributional style 
B)  Attributional complexity style 
C)  Self-serving attribution bias 
D)  Attributional homeostasis 
A)  Positive attributional style 
B)  Attributional complexity style 
C)  Self-serving attribution bias 
D)  Attributional homeostasis

Question 3

According to Witkin, field-dependent people:

Accepted Answer

A)  Are more global in their perceptual and cognitive functioning 
B)  Are focused on specific details and are relatively uninfluenced by the surrounding context 
C)  Have greater psychological differentiation 
D)  Have better autobiographical memory for past events 
A)  Are more global in their perceptual and cognitive functioning 
B)  Are focused on specific details and are relatively uninfluenced by the surrounding context 
C)  Have greater psychological differentiation 
D)  Have better autobiographical memory for past events

Question 4

Who based his theories on Gestalt?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lewin 
B)  Bandura 
C)  Kelly 
D)  Witkin 
A)  Lewin 
B)  Bandura 
C)  Kelly 
D)  Witkin

Question 5

Individual differences in cognitive rigidity are:

Accepted Answer

A)  Stable and long-lasting 
B)  Associated with neuroticism 
C)  Relatively stable with momentary fluxes 
D)  Associated with low levels of compulsivity 
A)  Stable and long-lasting 
B)  Associated with neuroticism 
C)  Relatively stable with momentary fluxes 
D)  Associated with low levels of compulsivity

Question 6

Explain the premise behind fixed role therapy.

Accepted Answer

Fixed role therapy was designed to enabl

Question 7

Extreme depression is associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)  Moderate attributional complexity 
B)  Low attributional complexity 
C)  High attributional complexity 
D)  Mild attributional complexity 
A)  Moderate attributional complexity 
B)  Low attributional complexity 
C)  High attributional complexity 
D)  Mild attributional complexity

Question 8

According to Lewin, important changes occur in personality structure over time. Which of the following key changes best exemplifies organization of life space with advancing age?

Accepted Answer

A)  Differentiation 
B)  Integration 
C)  Complexity 
D)  Expansion 
A)  Differentiation 
B)  Integration 
C)  Complexity 
D)  Expansion

Question 9

Attributions are most likely when we experience:

Accepted Answer

A)  Positive events that are unexpected 
B)  Positive events that are unexpected. 
C)  Negative events that are unexpected 
D)  Negative events that are unexpected. 
A)  Positive events that are unexpected 
B)  Positive events that are unexpected. 
C)  Negative events that are unexpected 
D)  Negative events that are unexpected.

Question 10

An attribution is:

Accepted Answer

A)  An internal cognitive structure that contains knowledge about concepts, objects, and events. 
B)  All the factors that have an impact on a person. 
C)  A plan for reducing the conflict among different goals that are seeking expression at the same time. 
D)  A causal explanation to understand why an event occurred. 
A)  An internal cognitive structure that contains knowledge about concepts, objects, and events. 
B)  All the factors that have an impact on a person. 
C)  A plan for reducing the conflict among different goals that are seeking expression at the same time. 
D)  A causal explanation to understand why an event occurred.

Question 11

Cattell postulated that behaviour often reflects the interaction of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Personality and life roles 
B)  Reinforcement values and the environment 
C)  Culture and subjective reality 
D)  Cognitions and attributions 
A)  Personality and life roles 
B)  Reinforcement values and the environment 
C)  Culture and subjective reality 
D)  Cognitions and attributions

Question 12

Research on personality correlates shows that high need for cognition is associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)  Low levels of general self-esteem 
B)  Low levels of social self-esteem 
C)  Elevated levels social self-esteem 
D)  Elevated levels of neuroticism 
A)  Low levels of general self-esteem 
B)  Low levels of social self-esteem 
C)  Elevated levels social self-esteem 
D)  Elevated levels of neuroticism

Question 13

Constructive alternativism refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  How people can have different interpretations of the same event. 
B)  Causal explanations to understand why an event occurred. 
C)  Taking personal control over thoughts and actions through various means, including self-rewards and self-punishments. 
D)  The constant interaction of a person's characteristics and behaviours with the environment. 
A)  How people can have different interpretations of the same event. 
B)  Causal explanations to understand why an event occurred. 
C)  Taking personal control over thoughts and actions through various means, including self-rewards and self-punishments. 
D)  The constant interaction of a person's characteristics and behaviours with the environment.

Question 14

Discuss some of the criticisms of Kelly's work.

Accepted Answer

While Kelly deserves credit for providin

Question 15

The ________ corollary is that a person anticipates events by construing their replications.

Accepted Answer

A)  Fundamental 
B)  Individuality 
C)  Organization 
D)  Construction 
A)  Fundamental 
B)  Individuality 
C)  Organization 
D)  Construction

Question 16

Which of the following constructs has been provided to best explain the Unabomber's behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inferiority vs. superiority 
B)  Overcontrol vs. need for revenge 
C)  Oversocialization vs. need for autonomy 
D)  Left-wing vs. right-wing thinking 
A)  Inferiority vs. superiority 
B)  Overcontrol vs. need for revenge 
C)  Oversocialization vs. need for autonomy 
D)  Left-wing vs. right-wing thinking

Question 17

According to Lewin, ________ is an inner drive caused by tension.

Accepted Answer

A)  Force 
B)  Field 
C)  Life space 
D)  Expectancy 
A)  Force 
B)  Field 
C)  Life space 
D)  Expectancy

Question 18

Which of the following is an idiographic measure of personal constructs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Role Construct Repertory Test 
B)  Personal Construct Grid Index 
C)  Dynamic Constructivist Scale 
D)  The Abbreviated Need for Cognition Scale 
A)  Role Construct Repertory Test 
B)  Personal Construct Grid Index 
C)  Dynamic Constructivist Scale 
D)  The Abbreviated Need for Cognition Scale

Question 19

According to Witkin, field-independent people:

Accepted Answer

A)  Are more global in their perceptual and cognitive functioning 
B)  Are focused on specific details and are relatively uninfluenced by the surrounding context 
C)  Rely on internal sensations within themselves 
D)  Have better autobiographical memory for past events 
A)  Are more global in their perceptual and cognitive functioning 
B)  Are focused on specific details and are relatively uninfluenced by the surrounding context 
C)  Rely on internal sensations within themselves 
D)  Have better autobiographical memory for past events

Question 20

Discuss the relevance of Witkin's work.

Accepted Answer

Field-dependence versus field-independen

A causal explanation to understand why an event occurred is referred to as a(n):

Positive events are more likely to be attributed to internal causes reflecting the self, and negative events are attributed to external causes. This illustrates the:

According to Witkin, field-dependent people:

Who based his theories on Gestalt?

Individual differences in cognitive rigidity are:

Explain the premise behind fixed role therapy.

Extreme depression is associated with:

According to Lewin, important changes occur in personality structure over time. Which of the following key changes best exemplifies organization of life space with advancing age?

Attributions are most likely when we experience:

An attribution is:

Cattell postulated that behaviour often reflects the interaction of:

Research on personality correlates shows that high need for cognition is associated with:

Constructive alternativism refers to:

Discuss some of the criticisms of Kelly's work.

The ________ corollary is that a person anticipates events by construing their replications.

Which of the following constructs has been provided to best explain the Unabomber's behaviour?

According to Lewin, ________ is an inner drive caused by tension.

Which of the following is an idiographic measure of personal constructs?

According to Witkin, field-independent people:

Discuss the relevance of Witkin's work.

Personality -An Introduction

Units of Personality -Types Versus Traits

The Development of Personality

Personality Research Methods and Assessment Issues

Psychodynamic Theories

Motivational Theories and Psychological Needs

Humanistic Theories and Self-Actualization

Behavioural and Learning Theories

Interpersonal Theories and Interpersonal Styles

Personality Theory and the Self-Concept

Personality and Health

Personality, Mental Health, and Psychopathology

Psychobiography and Personology

Filters

Exam 9: Cognitive Theories and Cognitive Factors

A causal explanation to understand why an event occurred is referred to as a(n):

Positive events are more likely to be attributed to internal causes reflecting the self, and negative events are attributed to external causes. This illustrates the:

According to Witkin, field-dependent people:

Who based his theories on Gestalt?

Individual differences in cognitive rigidity are:

Explain the premise behind fixed role therapy.

Extreme depression is associated with:

According to Lewin, important changes occur in personality structure over time. Which of the following key changes best exemplifies organization of life space with advancing age?

Attributions are most likely when we experience:

An attribution is:

Cattell postulated that behaviour often reflects the interaction of:

Research on personality correlates shows that high need for cognition is associated with:

Constructive alternativism refers to:

Discuss some of the criticisms of Kelly's work.

The ________ corollary is that a person anticipates events by construing their replications.

Which of the following constructs has been provided to best explain the Unabomber's behaviour?

According to Lewin, ________ is an inner drive caused by tension.

Which of the following is an idiographic measure of personal constructs?

According to Witkin, field-independent people:

Discuss the relevance of Witkin's work.

Personality -An Introduction

Units of Personality -Types Versus Traits

The Development of Personality

Personality Research Methods and Assessment Issues

Psychodynamic Theories

Motivational Theories and Psychological Needs

Humanistic Theories and Self-Actualization

Behavioural and Learning Theories

Interpersonal Theories and Interpersonal Styles

Personality Theory and the Self-Concept

Personality and Health

Personality, Mental Health, and Psychopathology

Psychobiography and Personology

Filters