Question 1

The prevailing explanation of alcoholism is now that of an illness. In the past, what was the main perspective on the causes of alcoholism?

Accepted Answer

A)  psychological dispositions 
B)  moral failure 
C)  genetic disposition 
D)  lack of self-control 
A)  psychological dispositions 
B)  moral failure 
C)  genetic disposition 
D)  lack of self-control B

Question 2

Deviance tends to occur when a major discrepancy exists between culturally defined goals and the means of achieving those goals. Which theoretical perspective of deviance does this statement represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  medicalization theory 
B)  strain theory 
C)  differential association theory 
D)  control theory 
A)  medicalization theory 
B)  strain theory 
C)  differential association theory 
D)  control theory B

Question 3

Which of the following is an important factor that contributed to the declining trend in crime rates in the 1990s?

Accepted Answer

A)  decline in poverty and unemployment 
B)  political change 
C)  cultural change 
D)  change in gun laws 
A)  decline in poverty and unemployment 
B)  political change 
C)  cultural change 
D)  change in gun laws A

Question 4

The negative attitudes held by people in the United States toward obese individuals is

Accepted Answer

A)  now accepted as the new normal. 
B)  not stigmatizing because excess fat is unhealthy. 
C)  rooted in norms that define fat bodies as deviant. 
D)  understandable because weight is something that can be controlled. 
A)  now accepted as the new normal. 
B)  not stigmatizing because excess fat is unhealthy. 
C)  rooted in norms that define fat bodies as deviant. 
D)  understandable because weight is something that can be controlled.

Question 5

According to Emile Durkheim's definition, an act is deviant or criminal because it

Accepted Answer

A)  offends social norms. 
B)  is essentially wrong by any standard. 
C)  is inherently immoral. 
D)  is illegal. 
A)  offends social norms. 
B)  is essentially wrong by any standard. 
C)  is inherently immoral. 
D)  is illegal.

Question 6

Once a person is socialized into the subculture of a deviant group, his or her deviant behavior can be controlled by

Accepted Answer

A)  limiting social connections with the deviant group. 
B)  encouraging resocialization into social norms. 
C)  rewarding positive behavior. 
D)  medicalization. 
A)  limiting social connections with the deviant group. 
B)  encouraging resocialization into social norms. 
C)  rewarding positive behavior. 
D)  medicalization.

Question 7

Deviance is learned through interaction with members of a deviant group. This defines which theoretical perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  differential association theory 
B)  strain theory 
C)  innovation theory 
D)  juvenile association theory 
A)  differential association theory 
B)  strain theory 
C)  innovation theory 
D)  juvenile association theory

Question 8

Since weight is seen as something individuals can control through choices, heavy people are stigmatized by cultural messages that they have only themselves to blame.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which statement best describes the effectiveness of capital punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a crime deterrent. 
B)  It lowers the murder rate. 
C)  It is an ineffective deterrent. 
D)  It saves taxpayers money. 
A)  It is a crime deterrent. 
B)  It lowers the murder rate. 
C)  It is an ineffective deterrent. 
D)  It saves taxpayers money.

Question 10

An ex-convict has a difficult time finding employment because his criminal record has become his

Accepted Answer

A)  master status. 
B)  secondary deviance. 
C)  internalized self. 
D)  designation as abnormal. 
A)  master status. 
B)  secondary deviance. 
C)  internalized self. 
D)  designation as abnormal.

Question 11

Michel Foucault suggests that because we have internalized social norms and are ready to self-police, we are subject to social control in the form of

Accepted Answer

A)  structural domination. 
B)  coercive structure. 
C)  surveillance. 
D)  a rigid order. 
A)  structural domination. 
B)  coercive structure. 
C)  surveillance. 
D)  a rigid order.

Question 12

Strain theory suggests that deviance has its roots in

Accepted Answer

A)  inequality. 
B)  social pressure. 
C)  improper socialization. 
D)  nonconformist conditioning. 
A)  inequality. 
B)  social pressure. 
C)  improper socialization. 
D)  nonconformist conditioning.

Question 13

Why is white-collar crime rarely prosecuted, and why do its perpetrators typically go unpunished?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is less immoral than non-white-collar crime. 
B)  White-collar crime is rare. 
C)  White-collar crime typically inflicts less harm on others than other types of crime. 
D)  White-collar perpetrators have high status and power. 
A)  It is less immoral than non-white-collar crime. 
B)  White-collar crime is rare. 
C)  White-collar crime typically inflicts less harm on others than other types of crime. 
D)  White-collar perpetrators have high status and power.

Question 14

Nonconformist activities or styles are sometimes turned into commercial products. This is called

Accepted Answer

A)  direct marketing. 
B)  consumer rebellion. 
C)  commercialization of deviance. 
D)  radical chic. 
A)  direct marketing. 
B)  consumer rebellion. 
C)  commercialization of deviance. 
D)  radical chic.

Question 15

The genetic explanation behind many forms of mental illness removes the stigma previously attached to them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What has been the trend in crime rates since the 1990s?

Accepted Answer

A)  steady increase 
B)  dramatic increase 
C)  steady decline 
D)  virtually no change 
A)  steady increase 
B)  dramatic increase 
C)  steady decline 
D)  virtually no change

Question 17

The boundaries between what is normal and what is deviant are clear-cut and have remained consistent over time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

From the sociological perspective, what causes people to engage in deviant behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic disposition 
B)  rational choice 
C)  psychological abnormality 
D)  loss of morality in society 
A)  genetic disposition 
B)  rational choice 
C)  psychological abnormality 
D)  loss of morality in society

Question 19

According to Elijah Anderson's research, the "code of the street" defines life in poor neighborhoods. What does he mean by the term?

Accepted Answer

A)  a dysfunctional community 
B)  an alternative social structure 
C)  a crime-ridden environment 
D)  an unstructured community 
A)  a dysfunctional community 
B)  an alternative social structure 
C)  a crime-ridden environment 
D)  an unstructured community

Question 20

Which statement best describes recidivism rates in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  Three-quarters are rearrested within five years. 
B)  Recidivism is low. 
C)  Many programs exist to prevent recidivism. 
D)  A majority commit new crimes. 
A)  Three-quarters are rearrested within five years. 
B)  Recidivism is low. 
C)  Many programs exist to prevent recidivism. 
D)  A majority commit new crimes.

The prevailing explanation of alcoholism is now that of an illness. In the past, what was the main perspective on the causes of alcoholism?

Deviance tends to occur when a major discrepancy exists between culturally defined goals and the means of achieving those goals. Which theoretical perspective of deviance does this statement represent?

Which of the following is an important factor that contributed to the declining trend in crime rates in the 1990s?

The negative attitudes held by people in the United States toward obese individuals is

According to Emile Durkheim's definition, an act is deviant or criminal because it

Once a person is socialized into the subculture of a deviant group, his or her deviant behavior can be controlled by

Deviance is learned through interaction with members of a deviant group. This defines which theoretical perspective?

Since weight is seen as something individuals can control through choices, heavy people are stigmatized by cultural messages that they have only themselves to blame.

Which statement best describes the effectiveness of capital punishment?

An ex-convict has a difficult time finding employment because his criminal record has become his

Michel Foucault suggests that because we have internalized social norms and are ready to self-police, we are subject to social control in the form of

Strain theory suggests that deviance has its roots in

Why is white-collar crime rarely prosecuted, and why do its perpetrators typically go unpunished?

Nonconformist activities or styles are sometimes turned into commercial products. This is called

The genetic explanation behind many forms of mental illness removes the stigma previously attached to them.

What has been the trend in crime rates since the 1990s?

The boundaries between what is normal and what is deviant are clear-cut and have remained consistent over time.

From the sociological perspective, what causes people to engage in deviant behavior?

According to Elijah Anderson's research, the "code of the street" defines life in poor neighborhoods. What does he mean by the term?

Which statement best describes recidivism rates in the United States?

Sociology in a Changing World

Understanding the Research Process

Culture

Social Structure

Power

Socialization

Interaction, Groups, and Organizations

Class and Global Inequality

Race and Ethnicity

Gender and Sexuality

Family and Religion

Education and Work

Media and Consumption

Communities, the Environment, and Health

Politics and the Economy

Social Change: Globalization, Population, and Social Movements

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Exam 8: Deviance and Social Control

The prevailing explanation of alcoholism is now that of an illness. In the past, what was the main perspective on the causes of alcoholism?

Deviance tends to occur when a major discrepancy exists between culturally defined goals and the means of achieving those goals. Which theoretical perspective of deviance does this statement represent?

Which of the following is an important factor that contributed to the declining trend in crime rates in the 1990s?

The negative attitudes held by people in the United States toward obese individuals is

According to Emile Durkheim's definition, an act is deviant or criminal because it

Once a person is socialized into the subculture of a deviant group, his or her deviant behavior can be controlled by

Deviance is learned through interaction with members of a deviant group. This defines which theoretical perspective?

Since weight is seen as something individuals can control through choices, heavy people are stigmatized by cultural messages that they have only themselves to blame.

Which statement best describes the effectiveness of capital punishment?

An ex-convict has a difficult time finding employment because his criminal record has become his

Michel Foucault suggests that because we have internalized social norms and are ready to self-police, we are subject to social control in the form of

Strain theory suggests that deviance has its roots in

Why is white-collar crime rarely prosecuted, and why do its perpetrators typically go unpunished?

Nonconformist activities or styles are sometimes turned into commercial products. This is called

The genetic explanation behind many forms of mental illness removes the stigma previously attached to them.

What has been the trend in crime rates since the 1990s?

The boundaries between what is normal and what is deviant are clear-cut and have remained consistent over time.

From the sociological perspective, what causes people to engage in deviant behavior?

According to Elijah Anderson's research, the "code of the street" defines life in poor neighborhoods. What does he mean by the term?

Which statement best describes recidivism rates in the United States?

Sociology in a Changing World

Understanding the Research Process

Culture

Social Structure

Power

Socialization

Interaction, Groups, and Organizations

Class and Global Inequality

Race and Ethnicity

Gender and Sexuality

Family and Religion

Education and Work

Media and Consumption

Communities, the Environment, and Health

Politics and the Economy

Social Change: Globalization, Population, and Social Movements

Filters