Question 1

Sigmund Freud constructed his psychosexual theory

Accepted Answer

A)  on the basis of his adult patients' memories of painful childhood events. 
B)  by conducting studies of animal behavior. 
C)  on the basis of interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents. 
D)  by carefully observing his own children. 
A)  on the basis of his adult patients' memories of painful childhood events. 
B)  by conducting studies of animal behavior. 
C)  on the basis of interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents. 
D)  by carefully observing his own children. A

Question 2

__________ explains why some children growing up in difficult circumstances thrive,while others are less successful.

Accepted Answer

A)  Assimilation 
B)  Plasticity 
C)  Resilience 
D)  Stamina 
A)  Assimilation 
B)  Plasticity 
C)  Resilience 
D)  Stamina C

Question 3

Information-processing researchers

Accepted Answer

A)  often design flowcharts to map the precise steps individuals use to solve problems and complete tasks. 
B)  focus on directly observable events. 
C)  believe that children gradually become more selective in what they imitate. 
D)  believe that children actively construct knowledge as they manipulate and explore the world. 
A)  often design flowcharts to map the precise steps individuals use to solve problems and complete tasks. 
B)  focus on directly observable events. 
C)  believe that children gradually become more selective in what they imitate. 
D)  believe that children actively construct knowledge as they manipulate and explore the world. A

Question 4

In experimental studies,

Accepted Answer

A)  the investigator cannot make cause-and-effect inferences. 
B)  the researcher directly controls or manipulates changes in the dependent variable. 
C)  investigators must control for participants' characteristics that could reduce the accuracy of their findings. 
D)  researchers gather information on participants without altering their experiences. 
A)  the investigator cannot make cause-and-effect inferences. 
B)  the researcher directly controls or manipulates changes in the dependent variable. 
C)  investigators must control for participants' characteristics that could reduce the accuracy of their findings. 
D)  researchers gather information on participants without altering their experiences.

Question 5

Theorists who emphasize the role of __________ in development believe that the complex forces of the physical and social world influence our biological makeup and psychological experiences before and after birth.

Accepted Answer

A)  nature 
B)  stages 
C)  stability 
D)  nurture 
A)  nature 
B)  stages 
C)  stability 
D)  nurture

Question 6

__________ is concerned with the adaptive,or survival,value of behavior and its evolutionary history.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ethology 
B)  Developmental cognitive theory 
C)  Sociocultural theory 
D)  Ecological systems theory 
A)  Ethology 
B)  Developmental cognitive theory 
C)  Sociocultural theory 
D)  Ecological systems theory

Question 7

A major limitation of ethnography is that

Accepted Answer

A)  it may not reveal observations typical of the participants' everyday behavior. 
B)  it does not reveal depth of information. 
C)  the findings cannot be applied to individuals and settings other than the ones studied. 
D)  the findings provide little insight into factors that affect development. 
A)  it may not reveal observations typical of the participants' everyday behavior. 
B)  it does not reveal depth of information. 
C)  the findings cannot be applied to individuals and settings other than the ones studied. 
D)  the findings provide little insight into factors that affect development.

Question 8

The outermost level of Bronfenbrenner's model is the

Accepted Answer

A)  microsystem. 
B)  mesosystem. 
C)  macrosystem. 
D)  chronosystem. 
A)  microsystem. 
B)  mesosystem. 
C)  macrosystem. 
D)  chronosystem.

Question 9

In Ivan Pavlov's famous experiment with dogs,the neutral stimulus was

Accepted Answer

A)  the food. 
B)  salivation. 
C)  the bell. 
D)  the trainer. 
A)  the food. 
B)  salivation. 
C)  the bell. 
D)  the trainer.

Question 10

Which of the following theories emphasizes one course of development?

Accepted Answer

A)  behaviorism 
B)  cognitive-developmental theory 
C)  social learning theory 
D)  lifespan perspective 
A)  behaviorism 
B)  cognitive-developmental theory 
C)  social learning theory 
D)  lifespan perspective

Question 11

According to ecological systems theory,interactions between Marina and her child occur in the

Accepted Answer

A)  microsystem. 
B)  mesosystem. 
C)  exosystem. 
D)  macrosystem. 
A)  microsystem. 
B)  mesosystem. 
C)  exosystem. 
D)  macrosystem.

Question 12

In Bronfenbrenner's model,marrying and getting divorced are examples of

Accepted Answer

A)  ecological transitions. 
B)  the mesosystem. 
C)  the exosystem. 
D)  sensitive periods. 
A)  ecological transitions. 
B)  the mesosystem. 
C)  the exosystem. 
D)  sensitive periods.

Question 13

A +.55 correlation between a measure of maternal language stimulation and the size of children's vocabularies at age 2 suggests a

Accepted Answer

A)  moderate negative correlation. 
B)  causal relationship. 
C)  moderate positive correlation. 
D)  high correlation. 
A)  moderate negative correlation. 
B)  causal relationship. 
C)  moderate positive correlation. 
D)  high correlation.

Question 14

What forces influence development? Include discussion of age-graded,history-graded,and nonnormative influences.

Accepted Answer

According to the lifespan perspective,de

Question 15

Following an experiment,a researcher plans to post children's names and intelligence test scores on the door of their classroom.This violates which of the following research rights?

Accepted Answer

A)  privacy 
B)  informed consent 
C)  beneficial treatments 
D)  protection from harm 
A)  privacy 
B)  informed consent 
C)  beneficial treatments 
D)  protection from harm

Question 16

In a(n)__________ design,researchers look at relationships between participants' characteristics and their behavior or development.

Accepted Answer

A)  observational 
B)  correlational 
C)  experimental 
D)  variable 
A)  observational 
B)  correlational 
C)  experimental 
D)  variable

Question 17

Piaget convinced the field that children are

Accepted Answer

A)  blank slates. 
B)  like flowers because their maturation unfolds automatically. 
C)  active learners. 
D)  cognitively mature in early adolescence. 
A)  blank slates. 
B)  like flowers because their maturation unfolds automatically. 
C)  active learners. 
D)  cognitively mature in early adolescence.

Question 18

According to the lifespan perspective,

Accepted Answer

A)  development stops at adolescence. 
B)  development is a lifelong process. 
C)  aging is marked by ongoing, steady declines. 
D)  little developmental change occurs during adulthood. 
A)  development stops at adolescence. 
B)  development is a lifelong process. 
C)  aging is marked by ongoing, steady declines. 
D)  little developmental change occurs during adulthood.

Question 19

Two main types of designs used in all research on human behavior are __________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  correlational; experimental 
B)  variable; observational 
C)  observational; correlational 
D)  observational; experimental 
A)  correlational; experimental 
B)  variable; observational 
C)  observational; correlational 
D)  observational; experimental

Question 20

Freud's psychosexual theory

Accepted Answer

A)  was the first to stress the influence of the early parent-child relationship on development. 
B)  was eventually criticized because it underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings in development. 
C)  applied in all cultures. 
D)  ignored personality development. 
A)  was the first to stress the influence of the early parent-child relationship on development. 
B)  was eventually criticized because it underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings in development. 
C)  applied in all cultures. 
D)  ignored personality development.

Sigmund Freud constructed his psychosexual theory

__________ explains why some children growing up in difficult circumstances thrive,while others are less successful.

Information-processing researchers

In experimental studies,

Theorists who emphasize the role of __________ in development believe that the complex forces of the physical and social world influence our biological makeup and psychological experiences before and after birth.

__________ is concerned with the adaptive,or survival,value of behavior and its evolutionary history.

A major limitation of ethnography is that

The outermost level of Bronfenbrenner's model is the

In Ivan Pavlov's famous experiment with dogs,the neutral stimulus was

Which of the following theories emphasizes one course of development?

According to ecological systems theory,interactions between Marina and her child occur in the

In Bronfenbrenner's model,marrying and getting divorced are examples of

A +.55 correlation between a measure of maternal language stimulation and the size of children's vocabularies at age 2 suggests a

What forces influence development? Include discussion of age-graded,history-graded,and nonnormative influences.

Following an experiment,a researcher plans to post children's names and intelligence test scores on the door of their classroom.This violates which of the following research rights?

In a(n)__________ design,researchers look at relationships between participants' characteristics and their behavior or development.

Piaget convinced the field that children are

According to the lifespan perspective,

Two main types of designs used in all research on human behavior are and .

Freud's psychosexual theory

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development, birth, and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Late Adulthood

Death, dying, and Bereavement

Filters

Exam 1: History, theory, and Research Strategies

Sigmund Freud constructed his psychosexual theory

__________ explains why some children growing up in difficult circumstances thrive,while others are less successful.

Information-processing researchers

In experimental studies,

Theorists who emphasize the role of __________ in development believe that the complex forces of the physical and social world influence our biological makeup and psychological experiences before and after birth.

__________ is concerned with the adaptive,or survival,value of behavior and its evolutionary history.

A major limitation of ethnography is that

The outermost level of Bronfenbrenner's model is the

In Ivan Pavlov's famous experiment with dogs,the neutral stimulus was

Which of the following theories emphasizes one course of development?

According to ecological systems theory,interactions between Marina and her child occur in the

In Bronfenbrenner's model,marrying and getting divorced are examples of

A +.55 correlation between a measure of maternal language stimulation and the size of children's vocabularies at age 2 suggests a

What forces influence development? Include discussion of age-graded,history-graded,and nonnormative influences.

Following an experiment,a researcher plans to post children's names and intelligence test scores on the door of their classroom.This violates which of the following research rights?

In a(n)__________ design,researchers look at relationships between participants' characteristics and their behavior or development.

Piaget convinced the field that children are

According to the lifespan perspective,

Two main types of designs used in all research on human behavior are __________ and __________.

Freud's psychosexual theory

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development, birth, and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Late Adulthood

Death, dying, and Bereavement

Filters

Two main types of designs used in all research on human behavior are and .