Question 1

In social referencing,toddlers

Accepted Answer

A)  use the signals of trusted adults to guide their own actions. 
B)  simply react to others' emotional messages. 
C)  use the emotional contagion process to respond to others' emotional messages. 
D)  match the feeling tone of the caregiver in face-to-face communication. 
A)  use the signals of trusted adults to guide their own actions. 
B)  simply react to others' emotional messages. 
C)  use the emotional contagion process to respond to others' emotional messages. 
D)  match the feeling tone of the caregiver in face-to-face communication. A

Question 2

Between 6 and 10 weeks,the parent's communication with the infant evokes

Accepted Answer

A)  the social smile. 
B)  laughter. 
C)  social referencing. 
D)  secure attachment. 
A)  the social smile. 
B)  laughter. 
C)  social referencing. 
D)  secure attachment. A

Question 3

An example of social referencing is when an infant or toddler

Accepted Answer

A)  cries when picked up by an unfamiliar adult. 
B)  looks at his mother's facial expression before touching an unfamiliar toy. 
C)  prefers one parent over the other. 
D)  screams with anger when he cannot reach a desired toy. 
A)  cries when picked up by an unfamiliar adult. 
B)  looks at his mother's facial expression before touching an unfamiliar toy. 
C)  prefers one parent over the other. 
D)  screams with anger when he cannot reach a desired toy. B

Question 4

__________ refers to quickness and intensity of emotional arousal,attention,and motor activity.

Accepted Answer

A)  Temperament 
B)  Reactivity 
C)  Effortful control 
D)  Self-regulation 
A)  Temperament 
B)  Reactivity 
C)  Effortful control 
D)  Self-regulation

Question 5

Define attachment.Describe the three patterns of attachment insecurity as they are seen in the Strange Situation.

Accepted Answer

Attachment is the strong affectionate ti

Question 6

Parents who dismiss the importance of early relationships tend to have

Accepted Answer

A)  securely attached children. 
B)  insecurely attached children. 
C)  warm, sensitive caregiving styles. 
D)  reconstructed memories. 
A)  securely attached children. 
B)  insecurely attached children. 
C)  warm, sensitive caregiving styles. 
D)  reconstructed memories.

Question 7

Beckham's parents want to encourage him to eat fruit.Which of the following is the most effective approach to accomplish this task using social referencing?

Accepted Answer

A)  They should slowly nod when Beckham eats fruit. 
B)  They should smile and say, "Yummy!" when Beckham eats fruit. 
C)  They should frown when Beckham does not eat fruit. 
D)  They should be unresponsive when Beckham eats fruit. 
A)  They should slowly nod when Beckham eats fruit. 
B)  They should smile and say, "Yummy!" when Beckham eats fruit. 
C)  They should frown when Beckham does not eat fruit. 
D)  They should be unresponsive when Beckham eats fruit.

Question 8

According to one view,__________ helps infants construct emotional expressions that more closely resemble those of adults.

Accepted Answer

A)  prenatal exposure to a variety of pleasant and unpleasant stimuli 
B)  sensitive, contingent caregiver communication, in which parents selectively mirror aspects of the baby's diffuse emotional behavior, 
C)  very early, explicit instruction from parents and other family members, in which caregivers label and model emotional expression, 
D)  early exposure to visual patterns, including the human face, 
A)  prenatal exposure to a variety of pleasant and unpleasant stimuli 
B)  sensitive, contingent caregiver communication, in which parents selectively mirror aspects of the baby's diffuse emotional behavior, 
C)  very early, explicit instruction from parents and other family members, in which caregivers label and model emotional expression, 
D)  early exposure to visual patterns, including the human face,

Question 9

With age,children __________ as their cognitive,emotional,and social capacities increase and as they interact with parents and form other bonds with adults,siblings,and friends.

Accepted Answer

A)  continually revise and expand their internal working model 
B)  learn that their own actions have little effect on the behavior of those around them 
C)  develop a healthy fear of the Strange Situation 
D)  show confused, contradictory behaviors 
A)  continually revise and expand their internal working model 
B)  learn that their own actions have little effect on the behavior of those around them 
C)  develop a healthy fear of the Strange Situation 
D)  show confused, contradictory behaviors

Question 10

In the 1950s,a famous experiment showed that rhesus monkeys reared with a soft,terry-cloth "surrogate mother" and a wire-mesh "surrogate mother," which held a bottle and was designed to be climbed onto for feeding,

Accepted Answer

A)  usually developed an attachment to the wire-mesh surrogate. 
B)  clung to the soft terry-cloth surrogate. 
C)  developed an attachment to both surrogates. 
D)  did not develop an attachment to either surrogate. 
A)  usually developed an attachment to the wire-mesh surrogate. 
B)  clung to the soft terry-cloth surrogate. 
C)  developed an attachment to both surrogates. 
D)  did not develop an attachment to either surrogate.

Question 11

In the NICHD Study of Early Child Care,when babies were exposed to __________,the rate of attachment insecurity increased.

Accepted Answer

A)  high-quality child care but insensitive parental caregiving 
B)  inadequate child care but warm, sensitive parental caregiving 
C)  more than one child-care arrangement, regardless of the quality of parental care 
D)  a combination of insensitive caregiving at home and poor-quality child care 
A)  high-quality child care but insensitive parental caregiving 
B)  inadequate child care but warm, sensitive parental caregiving 
C)  more than one child-care arrangement, regardless of the quality of parental care 
D)  a combination of insensitive caregiving at home and poor-quality child care

Question 12

The __________ attachment pattern is either highly stable or consistently predicts later insecurity of another type.

Accepted Answer

A)  secure 
B)  disorganized/disoriented 
C)  resistant 
D)  avoidant 
A)  secure 
B)  disorganized/disoriented 
C)  resistant 
D)  avoidant

Question 13

__________ increases the chance of sibling conflict.

Accepted Answer

A)  Low emotional reactivity 
B)  Maternal warmth towards both children 
C)  Low activity level 
D)  Lack of parental involvement 
A)  Low emotional reactivity 
B)  Maternal warmth towards both children 
C)  Low activity level 
D)  Lack of parental involvement

Question 14

Baby Nathan is most likely to develop attachments to

Accepted Answer

A)  his mother only. 
B)  a variety of familiar people. 
C)  his father, but only when his mother is unavailable. 
D)  any female caregivers who feed him. 
A)  his mother only. 
B)  a variety of familiar people. 
C)  his father, but only when his mother is unavailable. 
D)  any female caregivers who feed him.

Question 15

Two-year-old Easton hits a playmate when she takes his toy.When the caregiver tells Easton's mother about the incident,Easton lowers his eyes and hides his face with his hands.Easton is expressing

Accepted Answer

A)  shame. 
B)  envy. 
C)  empathy. 
D)  pride. 
A)  shame. 
B)  envy. 
C)  empathy. 
D)  pride.

Question 16

__________ promotes both parents' sensitivity and involvement and children's attachment security,but it is particularly important for fathers.

Accepted Answer

A)  Dual employment 
B)  A warm marital bond 
C)  High-quality child care 
D)  Stay-at-home parenting 
A)  Dual employment 
B)  A warm marital bond 
C)  High-quality child care 
D)  Stay-at-home parenting

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the Attachment Q-Sort is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is not suitable for preschoolers, as it requires self-report. 
B)  Either the parent or a trained observer sorts 90 behaviors into nine categories. 
C)  It is less time-consuming than the Strange Situation. 
D)  Parents' Q-Sort responses correspond well with babies' secure-base behavior in the Strange Situation. 
A)  It is not suitable for preschoolers, as it requires self-report. 
B)  Either the parent or a trained observer sorts 90 behaviors into nine categories. 
C)  It is less time-consuming than the Strange Situation. 
D)  Parents' Q-Sort responses correspond well with babies' secure-base behavior in the Strange Situation.

Question 18

According to Erikson,a healthy outcome during infancy depends on the

Accepted Answer

A)  amount of food offered. 
B)  amount of oral stimulation offered. 
C)  channeling of biological drives. 
D)  quality of caregiving. 
A)  amount of food offered. 
B)  amount of oral stimulation offered. 
C)  channeling of biological drives. 
D)  quality of caregiving.

Question 19

Observation of which of the following children is the most likely to provide a researcher with the most accurate long-term prediction of temperament?

Accepted Answer

A)  Quinn, a newborn 
B)  Ava, age 12 months 
C)  Samantha, age 25 months 
D)  Tyson, age 4 
A)  Quinn, a newborn 
B)  Ava, age 12 months 
C)  Samantha, age 25 months 
D)  Tyson, age 4

Question 20

The NICHD Study of Early Child Care confirms that

Accepted Answer

A)  the majority of babies in child care display a resistant attachment to their mothers. 
B)  infants are not at risk for attachment insecurity due to inadequate child care. 
C)  parenting quality exerts a more powerful impact on children's adjustment than does exposure to child care. 
D)  regardless of quality, child care predicts long-term adjustment problems. 
A)  the majority of babies in child care display a resistant attachment to their mothers. 
B)  infants are not at risk for attachment insecurity due to inadequate child care. 
C)  parenting quality exerts a more powerful impact on children's adjustment than does exposure to child care. 
D)  regardless of quality, child care predicts long-term adjustment problems.

In social referencing,toddlers

Between 6 and 10 weeks,the parent's communication with the infant evokes

An example of social referencing is when an infant or toddler

__________ refers to quickness and intensity of emotional arousal,attention,and motor activity.

Define attachment.Describe the three patterns of attachment insecurity as they are seen in the Strange Situation.

Parents who dismiss the importance of early relationships tend to have

Beckham's parents want to encourage him to eat fruit.Which of the following is the most effective approach to accomplish this task using social referencing?

According to one view,__________ helps infants construct emotional expressions that more closely resemble those of adults.

With age,children __________ as their cognitive,emotional,and social capacities increase and as they interact with parents and form other bonds with adults,siblings,and friends.

In the 1950s,a famous experiment showed that rhesus monkeys reared with a soft,terry-cloth "surrogate mother" and a wire-mesh "surrogate mother," which held a bottle and was designed to be climbed onto for feeding,

In the NICHD Study of Early Child Care,when babies were exposed to __________,the rate of attachment insecurity increased.

The __________ attachment pattern is either highly stable or consistently predicts later insecurity of another type.

__________ increases the chance of sibling conflict.

Baby Nathan is most likely to develop attachments to

Two-year-old Easton hits a playmate when she takes his toy.When the caregiver tells Easton's mother about the incident,Easton lowers his eyes and hides his face with his hands.Easton is expressing

__________ promotes both parents' sensitivity and involvement and children's attachment security,but it is particularly important for fathers.

Which of the following statements about the Attachment Q-Sort is true?

According to Erikson,a healthy outcome during infancy depends on the

Observation of which of the following children is the most likely to provide a researcher with the most accurate long-term prediction of temperament?

The NICHD Study of Early Child Care confirms that

History, theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development, birth, and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Late Adulthood

Death, dying, and Bereavement

Filters

Exam 6: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

In social referencing,toddlers

Between 6 and 10 weeks,the parent's communication with the infant evokes

An example of social referencing is when an infant or toddler

__________ refers to quickness and intensity of emotional arousal,attention,and motor activity.

Define attachment.Describe the three patterns of attachment insecurity as they are seen in the Strange Situation.

Parents who dismiss the importance of early relationships tend to have

Beckham's parents want to encourage him to eat fruit.Which of the following is the most effective approach to accomplish this task using social referencing?

According to one view,__________ helps infants construct emotional expressions that more closely resemble those of adults.

With age,children __________ as their cognitive,emotional,and social capacities increase and as they interact with parents and form other bonds with adults,siblings,and friends.

In the 1950s,a famous experiment showed that rhesus monkeys reared with a soft,terry-cloth "surrogate mother" and a wire-mesh "surrogate mother," which held a bottle and was designed to be climbed onto for feeding,

In the NICHD Study of Early Child Care,when babies were exposed to __________,the rate of attachment insecurity increased.

The __________ attachment pattern is either highly stable or consistently predicts later insecurity of another type.

__________ increases the chance of sibling conflict.

Baby Nathan is most likely to develop attachments to

Two-year-old Easton hits a playmate when she takes his toy.When the caregiver tells Easton's mother about the incident,Easton lowers his eyes and hides his face with his hands.Easton is expressing

__________ promotes both parents' sensitivity and involvement and children's attachment security,but it is particularly important for fathers.

Which of the following statements about the Attachment Q-Sort is true?

According to Erikson,a healthy outcome during infancy depends on the

Observation of which of the following children is the most likely to provide a researcher with the most accurate long-term prediction of temperament?

The NICHD Study of Early Child Care confirms that

History, theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development, birth, and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Late Adulthood

Death, dying, and Bereavement

Filters