Question 1

How do transcription factors influence cell division?

Accepted Answer

A) They directly transmit external signals to the cell's nucleus. 
B) Transcription factors regulate the expression of genes involved in cell division. 
C) Loss or inactivation of transcription factors degrades suppressor gene protein products. 
D) Transcription factors are enzymes that activate promitotic substances by adding a phosphate group to the chemical structure. 
A) They directly transmit external signals to the cell's nucleus. 
B) Transcription factors regulate the expression of genes involved in cell division. 
C) Loss or inactivation of transcription factors degrades suppressor gene protein products. 
D) Transcription factors are enzymes that activate promitotic substances by adding a phosphate group to the chemical structure.

Question 2

Meiosis II of oocytes is completed at which developmental period?

Accepted Answer

A) At the ninth prenatal week 
B) During puberty 
C) At ovulation 
D) At fertilization 
A) At the ninth prenatal week 
B) During puberty 
C) At ovulation 
D) At fertilization

Question 3

What is the expected result when two homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis I of spermatogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A) Fertilization of this gamete may result in a zygote that is 48, XXYY. 
B) One gamete will have two of these chromosomes, and one will have neither of these chromosomes. 
C) The risk for development of polygenic disorders is increased with fertilization of the polar body associated with this mature gamete. 
D) Increased genetic diversity is possible with fertilization of any of these four gametes because of an increased number of possible gene alleles. 
A) Fertilization of this gamete may result in a zygote that is 48, XXYY. 
B) One gamete will have two of these chromosomes, and one will have neither of these chromosomes. 
C) The risk for development of polygenic disorders is increased with fertilization of the polar body associated with this mature gamete. 
D) Increased genetic diversity is possible with fertilization of any of these four gametes because of an increased number of possible gene alleles.

Question 4

Which stage of cell division is present in mitosis but is missing in meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A) G1 
B) S 
C) G2 
D) M 
A) G1 
B) S 
C) G2 
D) M

Question 5

Which feature or characteristic of early embryonic cells is unique in comparison with normal differentiated cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Diploidy 
B) Pluripotency 
C) Controlled cell division 
D) Mitosis resulting in four new daughter cells 
A) Diploidy 
B) Pluripotency 
C) Controlled cell division 
D) Mitosis resulting in four new daughter cells

Question 6

Why is meiosis II for both spermatogenesis and oogenesis called an "equatorial division?"

Accepted Answer

A) The amount of cytoplasm in the secondary sex cells is evenly divided among the final cells. 
B) The actual number of chromosomes within the resulting cells is the same as before this division. 
C) Crossing over stops, and the bivalent chromosomes coil and condense in preparation for segregation. 
D) The division of both the two secondary spermatocytes and the two secondary oocytes results in a total of eight gametes. 
A) The amount of cytoplasm in the secondary sex cells is evenly divided among the final cells. 
B) The actual number of chromosomes within the resulting cells is the same as before this division. 
C) Crossing over stops, and the bivalent chromosomes coil and condense in preparation for segregation. 
D) The division of both the two secondary spermatocytes and the two secondary oocytes results in a total of eight gametes.

Question 7

Which mechanism allows cell differentiation in embryonic tissue?

Accepted Answer

A) Increased expression of oncogenes 
B) Decreased expression of suppressor genes 
C) Selected expression of individual structural genes 
D) Enhanced expression of promitotic transcription factors 
A) Increased expression of oncogenes 
B) Decreased expression of suppressor genes 
C) Selected expression of individual structural genes 
D) Enhanced expression of promitotic transcription factors

Question 8

How do cyclins influence the process of cell division?

Accepted Answer

A) Suppressing oncogene products and inhibiting movement through the cell cycle 
B) Generating transcription factors and promoting differentiated functions 
C) Promoting apoptosis and allowing programmed cellular "suicide" 
D) Opposing suppressor gene products and promoting cell division 
A) Suppressing oncogene products and inhibiting movement through the cell cycle 
B) Generating transcription factors and promoting differentiated functions 
C) Promoting apoptosis and allowing programmed cellular "suicide" 
D) Opposing suppressor gene products and promoting cell division

Question 9

How is apoptosis related to physiologic homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A) The process prevents germline mutations. 
B) The efficiency of organ/tissue functions is increased. 
C) Replacement with scar tissue occurs more rapidly after cell damage. 
D) Cells that are able to undergo apoptosis bypass restriction point controls for mitosis. 
A) The process prevents germline mutations. 
B) The efficiency of organ/tissue functions is increased. 
C) Replacement with scar tissue occurs more rapidly after cell damage. 
D) Cells that are able to undergo apoptosis bypass restriction point controls for mitosis.

Question 10

Why is normal fertilization of one mature ovum usually performed by only one mature sperm even though hundreds of millions of sperm are present in the seminalfluidofone ejaculation?

Accepted Answer

A) The corona radiata causes the tail of the other sperm to fall off, decreasing their motility. 
B) At the time of first penetration, the pH around the ovum changes, and the enzymes of the other sperm are inactivated. 
C) Fusion of the two nuclei forms a tight nuclear membrane that prevents the nuclei of other sperm from entering. 
D) After being penetrated by one sperm, the ovum's membrane changes electrically and prevents other sperm from entering. 
A) The corona radiata causes the tail of the other sperm to fall off, decreasing their motility. 
B) At the time of first penetration, the pH around the ovum changes, and the enzymes of the other sperm are inactivated. 
C) Fusion of the two nuclei forms a tight nuclear membrane that prevents the nuclei of other sperm from entering. 
D) After being penetrated by one sperm, the ovum's membrane changes electrically and prevents other sperm from entering.

Question 11

During which phase of gametogenesis is the process of crossing over more likely to occur for either spermatocytes or oocytes?

Accepted Answer

A) Metaphase I 
B) Interphase I 
C) Anaphase I 
D) Prophase I 
A) Metaphase I 
B) Interphase I 
C) Anaphase I 
D) Prophase I

Question 12

Which cell feature is common to normal human differentiated cells and to early embryonic human cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Growth by hypertrophy 
B) Contact inhibition 
C) Tight adhesion 
D) Euploidy 
A) Growth by hypertrophy 
B) Contact inhibition 
C) Tight adhesion 
D) Euploidy

How do transcription factors influence cell division?

Meiosis II of oocytes is completed at which developmental period?

What is the expected result when two homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis I of spermatogenesis?

Which stage of cell division is present in mitosis but is missing in meiosis?

Which feature or characteristic of early embryonic cells is unique in comparison with normal differentiated cells?

Why is meiosis II for both spermatogenesis and oogenesis called an "equatorial division?"

Which mechanism allows cell differentiation in embryonic tissue?

How do cyclins influence the process of cell division?

How is apoptosis related to physiologic homeostasis?

Why is normal fertilization of one mature ovum usually performed by only one mature sperm even though hundreds of millions of sperm are present in the seminalfluidofone ejaculation?

During which phase of gametogenesis is the process of crossing over more likely to occur for either spermatocytes or oocytes?

Which cell feature is common to normal human differentiated cells and to early embryonic human cells?

DNA Structure and Function

Protein Synthesis

Patterns of Inheritance

Epigenetic Influences on Gene Expression

Autosomal Inheritance and Disorders

Sex Chromosome and Mitochondrial Inheritance and Disorders

Family History and Pedigree Construction

Congenital Anomalies, Basic Dysmorphology, and Genetic Assessment

Enzyme and Collagen Disorders

Common Childhood-Onset Genetic Disorders

Common Adult-Onset Disorders

Cardiovascular Disorders

The Genetics of Cancer

Genetic Contributions to Psychiatric and Behavioral Disorders

Genetic and Genomic Testing

Assessing Genomic Variation in Drug Response

Health Professionals and Genomic Care

Financial, Ethical, Legal, and Social Considerations

Genetic and Genomic Variation

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Exam 3: Genetic Influence on Cell Division, Differentiation, and Gametogenesis

How do transcription factors influence cell division?

Meiosis II of oocytes is completed at which developmental period?

What is the expected result when two homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis I of spermatogenesis?

Which stage of cell division is present in mitosis but is missing in meiosis?

Which feature or characteristic of early embryonic cells is unique in comparison with normal differentiated cells?

Why is meiosis II for both spermatogenesis and oogenesis called an "equatorial division?"

Which mechanism allows cell differentiation in embryonic tissue?

How do cyclins influence the process of cell division?

How is apoptosis related to physiologic homeostasis?

Why is normal fertilization of one mature ovum usually performed by only one mature sperm even though hundreds of millions of sperm are present in the seminalfluidofone ejaculation?

During which phase of gametogenesis is the process of crossing over more likely to occur for either spermatocytes or oocytes?

Which cell feature is common to normal human differentiated cells and to early embryonic human cells?

DNA Structure and Function

Protein Synthesis

Patterns of Inheritance

Epigenetic Influences on Gene Expression

Autosomal Inheritance and Disorders

Sex Chromosome and Mitochondrial Inheritance and Disorders

Family History and Pedigree Construction

Congenital Anomalies, Basic Dysmorphology, and Genetic Assessment

Enzyme and Collagen Disorders

Common Childhood-Onset Genetic Disorders

Common Adult-Onset Disorders

Cardiovascular Disorders

The Genetics of Cancer

Genetic Contributions to Psychiatric and Behavioral Disorders

Genetic and Genomic Testing

Assessing Genomic Variation in Drug Response

Health Professionals and Genomic Care

Financial, Ethical, Legal, and Social Considerations

Genetic and Genomic Variation

Filters