Question 1

The norm for a standardized test represents

Accepted Answer

A)  the average or typical performance of a child of a given age on a specific test. 
B)  the size of the sample that is used to develop the test items. 
C)  other tests that measure the same or similar qualities or characteristics. 
D)  the highest and lowest score that any child gets on the test. 
A)  the average or typical performance of a child of a given age on a specific test. 
B)  the size of the sample that is used to develop the test items. 
C)  other tests that measure the same or similar qualities or characteristics. 
D)  the highest and lowest score that any child gets on the test.

Question 2

The __________ variable is the one that the researcher controls or manipulates in the experiment and the _________? variable is the outcome that is measured at the end of the experiment.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent; independent 
B)  independent; control 
C)  dependent; concluding 
D)  independent; dependent 
A)  dependent; independent 
B)  independent; control 
C)  dependent; concluding 
D)  independent; dependent

Question 3

Attrition is a problem for longitudinal studies because

Accepted Answer

A)  all participants are not at equal risk of being lost from the study over time. 
B)  you cannot add new measures to the study as it goes on. 
C)  all groups in the study must be as much the same as you can possibly make them. 
D)  it creates a cohort effect among the participants. 
A)  all participants are not at equal risk of being lost from the study over time. 
B)  you cannot add new measures to the study as it goes on. 
C)  all groups in the study must be as much the same as you can possibly make them. 
D)  it creates a cohort effect among the participants.

Question 4

In an experiment, the difference between the experimental group and the control group is that

Accepted Answer

A)  the experimental group is always larger than the control group. 
B)  the control group knows what is being tested in the experiment, but the experimental group is "blind" to the purpose of it. 
C)  the experimental group gets the special treatment that the researcher is studying and the control group doesn't. 
D)  the control group is always tested before the experimental group is. 
A)  the experimental group is always larger than the control group. 
B)  the control group knows what is being tested in the experiment, but the experimental group is "blind" to the purpose of it. 
C)  the experimental group gets the special treatment that the researcher is studying and the control group doesn't. 
D)  the control group is always tested before the experimental group is.

Question 5

When you conduct an observation in a laboratory rather than a natural setting, you gain greater control over the situation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Statistical measures of how large the difference is between groups that are being compared is called

Accepted Answer

A)  meta-analyses. 
B)  validity. 
C)  effect sizes. 
D)  reliability. 
A)  meta-analyses. 
B)  validity. 
C)  effect sizes. 
D)  reliability.

Question 7

In a negative correlation, as the value of one variable goes down, so does the value of the second variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The statistical tests that we use to analyze the results of our studies always test

Accepted Answer

A)  the null hypothesis of no difference between group. 
B)  the probability that we have made a mistake while doing our research. 
C)  the validity of the research we have conducted. 
D)  whether or not our research has any practical significance. 
A)  the null hypothesis of no difference between group. 
B)  the probability that we have made a mistake while doing our research. 
C)  the validity of the research we have conducted. 
D)  whether or not our research has any practical significance.

Question 9

Participants are randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control group in an experiment

Accepted Answer

A)  to ensure that there will be an equal number of males and females in the experimental group and the control group. 
B)  so that the participants will not be able to figure out what is being tested in the experiment. 
C)  to help ensure that the two groups are not systemically different from each other at the start of the experiment. 
D)  so that the researcher will not know which group is being given the independent variable. 
A)  to ensure that there will be an equal number of males and females in the experimental group and the control group. 
B)  so that the participants will not be able to figure out what is being tested in the experiment. 
C)  to help ensure that the two groups are not systemically different from each other at the start of the experiment. 
D)  so that the researcher will not know which group is being given the independent variable.

Question 10

A cohort effect is the biggest problem for

Accepted Answer

A)  longitudinal studies. 
B)  experimental research. 
C)  observational research. 
D)  cross-sectional studies. 
A)  longitudinal studies. 
B)  experimental research. 
C)  observational research. 
D)  cross-sectional studies.

Question 11

There is a cohort effect in cross-sectional studies when

Accepted Answer

A)  the different groups in the study have had different life experiences. 
B)  the researcher uses different measures for the different groups in the study. 
C)  participants drop out of the study for various reasons over time. 
D)  the measures that are being used in the study change over time. 
A)  the different groups in the study have had different life experiences. 
B)  the researcher uses different measures for the different groups in the study. 
C)  participants drop out of the study for various reasons over time. 
D)  the measures that are being used in the study change over time.

Question 12

Design a research study to test the hypothesis that having recess during the school day will promote better academic achievement. Be sure to describe the sample, measures and methods, and research designs.

Accepted Answer

Research Study Design:

Hypothesis: Havi

Question 13

Well-constructed, reliable, well-standardized psychological tests are not bias against native-born American racial and ethnic minorities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Children and adolescents are never asked to give consent for participation in research because they cannot understand what they are agreeing to.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Tests of _____ give us confidence that results from research are not accidents or chance occurrences.

Accepted Answer

A)  effect size 
B)  microgenetic design 
C)  statistical significance 
D)  longitudinal design 
A)  effect size 
B)  microgenetic design 
C)  statistical significance 
D)  longitudinal design

Question 16

Inter-rater reliability is established when:

Accepted Answer

A)  many researchers have used the same measure in their research. 
B)  a measure has been used with a variety of different samples. 
C)  more than one observer looks at the same behavior and gets the same results. 
D)  a sample has the same characteristics as the population from which it is drawn. 
A)  many researchers have used the same measure in their research. 
B)  a measure has been used with a variety of different samples. 
C)  more than one observer looks at the same behavior and gets the same results. 
D)  a sample has the same characteristics as the population from which it is drawn.

Question 17

The Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the American College Testing (ACT) program are used by many colleges as part of the admissions process because

Accepted Answer

A)  they are free from bias and give every student an equal chance of being admitted. 
B)  when taken together with high school grade point average (GP
A)  they predict college GPA better than high school GPA alone. 
C)  they are designed to give an advantage to traditionally underrepresented groups of students. 
D)  these tests are able to detect differences in inherent ability or aptitude between students. 
A)  they are free from bias and give every student an equal chance of being admitted. 
B)  when taken together with high school grade point average (GP
A)  they predict college GPA better than high school GPA alone. 
C)  they are designed to give an advantage to traditionally underrepresented groups of students. 
D)  these tests are able to detect differences in inherent ability or aptitude between students.

Question 18

If you read that a correlational study has found that children who participate in more extracurricular activities have higher self esteem, you could conclude that

Accepted Answer

A)  participating in extracurricular activities makes children feel good about themselves. 
B)  getting children to participate in more extracurricular activities will lead to increases in self esteem. 
C)  participation in extracurricular activities is associated with higher self esteem. 
D)  high self-esteem drives children to seek out activities at which they can excel. 
A)  participating in extracurricular activities makes children feel good about themselves. 
B)  getting children to participate in more extracurricular activities will lead to increases in self esteem. 
C)  participation in extracurricular activities is associated with higher self esteem. 
D)  high self-esteem drives children to seek out activities at which they can excel.

Question 19

Dr. Brandow found that there was a statistically significant difference between boys and girls in his sample of 200 children in math ability. On a 100-item test the difference was 1.2 points. What would you conclude about how important this finding is and why?

Accepted Answer

The finding that there is a statisticall

Question 20

One of the challenges with doing a cross-sectional study is that

Accepted Answer

A)  you must have groups that cover the entire age range from infancy through adolescence. 
B)  you must be certain that the different age groups you use are as similar to each other as you possibly can make them. 
C)  it will be hard to get the statistical tools that you need to adequately analyze your data. 
D)  your findings may no longer be relevant by the time your study is completed. 
A)  you must have groups that cover the entire age range from infancy through adolescence. 
B)  you must be certain that the different age groups you use are as similar to each other as you possibly can make them. 
C)  it will be hard to get the statistical tools that you need to adequately analyze your data. 
D)  your findings may no longer be relevant by the time your study is completed.

The norm for a standardized test represents

The __ variable is the one that the researcher controls or manipulates in the experiment and the _? variable is the outcome that is measured at the end of the experiment.

Attrition is a problem for longitudinal studies because

In an experiment, the difference between the experimental group and the control group is that

When you conduct an observation in a laboratory rather than a natural setting, you gain greater control over the situation.

Statistical measures of how large the difference is between groups that are being compared is called

In a negative correlation, as the value of one variable goes down, so does the value of the second variable.

The statistical tests that we use to analyze the results of our studies always test

Participants are randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control group in an experiment

A cohort effect is the biggest problem for

There is a cohort effect in cross-sectional studies when

Design a research study to test the hypothesis that having recess during the school day will promote better academic achievement. Be sure to describe the sample, measures and methods, and research designs.

Well-constructed, reliable, well-standardized psychological tests are not bias against native-born American racial and ethnic minorities.

Children and adolescents are never asked to give consent for participation in research because they cannot understand what they are agreeing to.

Tests of _____ give us confidence that results from research are not accidents or chance occurrences.

Inter-rater reliability is established when:

The Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the American College Testing (ACT) program are used by many colleges as part of the admissions process because

If you read that a correlational study has found that children who participate in more extracurricular activities have higher self esteem, you could conclude that

Dr. Brandow found that there was a statistically significant difference between boys and girls in his sample of 200 children in math ability. On a 100-item test the difference was 1.2 points. What would you conclude about how important this finding is and why?

One of the challenges with doing a cross-sectional study is that

Introduction: Issues and Themes in Child Development

Theories of Development

How Children Develop: Nature Through Nurture

Prenatal Development, the Newborn, and the Transition to Parenthood

Physical Development: the Brain and the Body

Cognitive Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Language Development

Emotional Development and Attachment

Identity: the Self, Gender, and Moral Development

Social Development: Social Cognition and Peer Relationships

Families

Beyond Family and School: Activities, Media and the Natural World

Health, Well-Being, and Resilience

Filters

Exam 3: How We Study Development

The norm for a standardized test represents

The __________ variable is the one that the researcher controls or manipulates in the experiment and the _________? variable is the outcome that is measured at the end of the experiment.

Attrition is a problem for longitudinal studies because

In an experiment, the difference between the experimental group and the control group is that

When you conduct an observation in a laboratory rather than a natural setting, you gain greater control over the situation.

Statistical measures of how large the difference is between groups that are being compared is called

In a negative correlation, as the value of one variable goes down, so does the value of the second variable.

The statistical tests that we use to analyze the results of our studies always test

Participants are randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control group in an experiment

A cohort effect is the biggest problem for

There is a cohort effect in cross-sectional studies when

Design a research study to test the hypothesis that having recess during the school day will promote better academic achievement. Be sure to describe the sample, measures and methods, and research designs.

Well-constructed, reliable, well-standardized psychological tests are not bias against native-born American racial and ethnic minorities.

Children and adolescents are never asked to give consent for participation in research because they cannot understand what they are agreeing to.

Tests of _____ give us confidence that results from research are not accidents or chance occurrences.

Inter-rater reliability is established when:

The Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the American College Testing (ACT) program are used by many colleges as part of the admissions process because

If you read that a correlational study has found that children who participate in more extracurricular activities have higher self esteem, you could conclude that

Dr. Brandow found that there was a statistically significant difference between boys and girls in his sample of 200 children in math ability. On a 100-item test the difference was 1.2 points. What would you conclude about how important this finding is and why?

One of the challenges with doing a cross-sectional study is that

Introduction: Issues and Themes in Child Development

Theories of Development

How Children Develop: Nature Through Nurture

Prenatal Development, the Newborn, and the Transition to Parenthood

Physical Development: the Brain and the Body

Cognitive Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Language Development

Emotional Development and Attachment

Identity: the Self, Gender, and Moral Development

Social Development: Social Cognition and Peer Relationships

Families

Beyond Family and School: Activities, Media and the Natural World

Health, Well-Being, and Resilience

Filters

The __ variable is the one that the researcher controls or manipulates in the experiment and the _? variable is the outcome that is measured at the end of the experiment.