Question 1

Writing notes on your hand illustrates functional fixedness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

All of the following are heuristic search processes EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Means-backward strategy 
B)  Means-ends strategy 
C)  Hill-climbing strategy 
D)  Working-backward strategy 
A)  Means-backward strategy 
B)  Means-ends strategy 
C)  Hill-climbing strategy 
D)  Working-backward strategy A

Question 3

While working in a lab, you encounter a problem with your experiment. You spend days trying to figure out what is wrong, and finally, it pops into your head that the temperature in the room is incorrect, causing fluctuations in your results. This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  trial-and-error 
B)  insight 
C)  introspection 
D)  recognition 
A)  trial-and-error 
B)  insight 
C)  introspection 
D)  recognition B

Question 4

What brain area seems to play a large role in problem-solving?

Accepted Answer

A)  Temporal lobe 
B)  Frontal lobe 
C)  Parietal lobe 
D)  Occipital lobe 
A)  Temporal lobe 
B)  Frontal lobe 
C)  Parietal lobe 
D)  Occipital lobe

Question 5

_____ is a tendency to use the same set of solutions to solve similar problems, whereas _____ is using the same solution for two problems with the same underlying structure.

Accepted Answer

A)  A mental set; analogical transfer 
B)  Functional fixedness; mental set 
C)  A mental set; functional fixedness 
D)  Analogical transfer; a mental set 
A)  A mental set; analogical transfer 
B)  Functional fixedness; mental set 
C)  A mental set; functional fixedness 
D)  Analogical transfer; a mental set

Question 6

A problem is:

Accepted Answer

A)  when you are at a significant disadvantage. 
B)  when you cannot comprehend a situation. 
C)  a situation in which you cannot locate something you need. 
D)  a situation in which there is a difference between a current state and a desired goal state. 
A)  when you are at a significant disadvantage. 
B)  when you cannot comprehend a situation. 
C)  a situation in which you cannot locate something you need. 
D)  a situation in which there is a difference between a current state and a desired goal state.

Question 7

While baking a cake, you say the steps out loud as you are carrying them out. This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  pathology 
B)  functional fixedness 
C)  retrospection 
D)  introspection 
A)  pathology 
B)  functional fixedness 
C)  retrospection 
D)  introspection

Question 8

Trial-and-error approaches work well when there are _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Many solutions 
B)  Several dangerous solutions 
C)  Several solutions 
D)  No solutions 
A)  Many solutions 
B)  Several dangerous solutions 
C)  Several solutions 
D)  No solutions

Question 9

Discuss the ways in which experts differ from novices in terms of problem-solving. How can you become a better problem solver?

Accepted Answer

Students should be able to discuss diffe

Question 10

Experts in a field mentally group aspects of problems together differently from the way novices do[ok or than do novices].

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

A prescribed problem-solving strategy that always leads to the correct solution in problems with a single correct solution is a(n) _____, while a problem-solving strategy that does not always lead to the correct solution is a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Heuristic; algorithm 
B)  Algorithm; heuristic 
A)  Heuristic; algorithm 
B)  Algorithm; heuristic

Question 12

Getting dressed is an example of a well-defined problem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Researchers have found that people most often use _____ when problem-solving.

Accepted Answer

A)  introspection 
B)  pencil and paper 
C)  apps 
D)  trial-and-error 
A)  introspection 
B)  pencil and paper 
C)  apps 
D)  trial-and-error

Question 14

All of the processes involved in problem-solving are unconscious.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

How we mentally represent a problem can _____ finding the solution.

Accepted Answer

A)  help with 
B)  hinder 
C)  both help and hinder 
D)  neither help nor hinder 
A)  help with 
B)  hinder 
C)  both help and hinder 
D)  neither help nor hinder

Question 16

_____ are problems that have a clearly defined goal state and constraints, whereas _____ are problems that lack a clearly defined goal state and constraints.

Accepted Answer

A)  Well-defined; ill-defined 
B)  Ill-defined; well-defined 
C)  Defined; undefined 
D)  Defined; non-defined 
A)  Well-defined; ill-defined 
B)  Ill-defined; well-defined 
C)  Defined; undefined 
D)  Defined; non-defined

Question 17

Studies examining the eye movements of participants trying to solve math problems found that _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  People are really bad at math 
B)  People use insight while solving math problems 
C)  People use introspection while working on math problems 
D)  People fixate on things that they are thinking about 
A)  People are really bad at math 
B)  People use insight while solving math problems 
C)  People use introspection while working on math problems 
D)  People fixate on things that they are thinking about

Question 18

Early theories of problem-solving focused primarily on _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  functional fixedness 
B)  introspection 
C)  trial-and-error 
D)  systematic strategies 
A)  functional fixedness 
B)  introspection 
C)  trial-and-error 
D)  systematic strategies

Question 19

_____ is a problem-solving strategy that involves repeated comparisons between the current state and the goal state.

Accepted Answer

A)  Working-backward strategy 
B)  Hill-climbing strategy 
C)  Means-backward strategy 
D)  Means-ends strategy 
A)  Working-backward strategy 
B)  Hill-climbing strategy 
C)  Means-backward strategy 
D)  Means-ends strategy

Question 20

All of the following are explanations for differences in problem solving between experts and novices EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Experts have longer fixations on critical aspects of the problem they are trying to solve 
B)  Experts mentally group aspects of problems together differently 
C)  Experts are smarter 
D)  Experts spend more time analyzing the problem 
A)  Experts have longer fixations on critical aspects of the problem they are trying to solve 
B)  Experts mentally group aspects of problems together differently 
C)  Experts are smarter 
D)  Experts spend more time analyzing the problem

Writing notes on your hand illustrates functional fixedness.

All of the following are heuristic search processes EXCEPT:

While working in a lab, you encounter a problem with your experiment. You spend days trying to figure out what is wrong, and finally, it pops into your head that the temperature in the room is incorrect, causing fluctuations in your results. This is an example of _____.

What brain area seems to play a large role in problem-solving?

_ is a tendency to use the same set of solutions to solve similar problems, whereas _ is using the same solution for two problems with the same underlying structure.

A problem is:

While baking a cake, you say the steps out loud as you are carrying them out. This is an example of _____.

Trial-and-error approaches work well when there are _____.

Discuss the ways in which experts differ from novices in terms of problem-solving. How can you become a better problem solver?

Experts in a field mentally group aspects of problems together differently from the way novices do[ok or than do novices].

A prescribed problem-solving strategy that always leads to the correct solution in problems with a single correct solution is a(n) _, while a problem-solving strategy that does not always lead to the correct solution is a(n) _.

Getting dressed is an example of a well-defined problem.

Researchers have found that people most often use _____ when problem-solving.

All of the processes involved in problem-solving are unconscious.

How we mentally represent a problem can _____ finding the solution.

_ are problems that have a clearly defined goal state and constraints, whereas _ are problems that lack a clearly defined goal state and constraints.

Studies examining the eye movements of participants trying to solve math problems found that _____.

Early theories of problem-solving focused primarily on _____.

_____ is a problem-solving strategy that involves repeated comparisons between the current state and the goal state.

All of the following are explanations for differences in problem solving between experts and novices EXCEPT:

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception

Attention

Memory Structures and Processes

Long-Term Memory: Influences on Retrieval

Memory Errors

Imagery

Language

Concepts and Knowledge

Reasoning and Decision Making

Filters

Exam 11: Problem Solving

Writing notes on your hand illustrates functional fixedness.

All of the following are heuristic search processes EXCEPT:

While working in a lab, you encounter a problem with your experiment. You spend days trying to figure out what is wrong, and finally, it pops into your head that the temperature in the room is incorrect, causing fluctuations in your results. This is an example of _____.

What brain area seems to play a large role in problem-solving?

_____ is a tendency to use the same set of solutions to solve similar problems, whereas _____ is using the same solution for two problems with the same underlying structure.

A problem is:

While baking a cake, you say the steps out loud as you are carrying them out. This is an example of _____.

Trial-and-error approaches work well when there are _____.

Discuss the ways in which experts differ from novices in terms of problem-solving. How can you become a better problem solver?

Experts in a field mentally group aspects of problems together differently from the way novices do[ok or than do novices].

A prescribed problem-solving strategy that always leads to the correct solution in problems with a single correct solution is a(n) _____, while a problem-solving strategy that does not always lead to the correct solution is a(n) _____.

Getting dressed is an example of a well-defined problem.

Researchers have found that people most often use _____ when problem-solving.

All of the processes involved in problem-solving are unconscious.

How we mentally represent a problem can _____ finding the solution.

_____ are problems that have a clearly defined goal state and constraints, whereas _____ are problems that lack a clearly defined goal state and constraints.

Studies examining the eye movements of participants trying to solve math problems found that _____.

Early theories of problem-solving focused primarily on _____.

_____ is a problem-solving strategy that involves repeated comparisons between the current state and the goal state.

All of the following are explanations for differences in problem solving between experts and novices EXCEPT:

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception

Attention

Memory Structures and Processes

Long-Term Memory: Influences on Retrieval

Memory Errors

Imagery

Language

Concepts and Knowledge

Reasoning and Decision Making

Filters

_ is a tendency to use the same set of solutions to solve similar problems, whereas _ is using the same solution for two problems with the same underlying structure.

A prescribed problem-solving strategy that always leads to the correct solution in problems with a single correct solution is a(n) _, while a problem-solving strategy that does not always lead to the correct solution is a(n) _.

_ are problems that have a clearly defined goal state and constraints, whereas _ are problems that lack a clearly defined goal state and constraints.