Question 1

Discuss the five stages of Galotti's (2002) model of general decision making. Discuss an example to illustrate all five stages.

Accepted Answer

Student should name and define "setting goals, gathering information, structuring the decision, making a final choice, and evaluation," and should be able to walk the reader through an example.

Question 2

All of the following are types of inductive reasoning EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Analogical reasoning 
B)  Category induction 
C)  Representation-explanation approaches 
D)  Causal reasoning 
A)  Analogical reasoning 
B)  Category induction 
C)  Representation-explanation approaches 
D)  Causal reasoning C

Question 3

Forrest Gump's famous quote, "Life is like a box of chocolates - you never know what you're going to get," is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Surface approaches 
B)  Category induction 
C)  Causal reasoning 
D)  Analogical reasoning 
A)  Surface approaches 
B)  Category induction 
C)  Causal reasoning 
D)  Analogical reasoning D

Question 4

The general model of decision making suggests that we spend time structuring our decision before making a final decision.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Imagine you are out at a bar, trying to make new friends. You see a blonde woman who appears to be nice, but you think, "I don't think I'll approach her - blondes tend to be ditzy." This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Availability bias 
B)  Framing bias 
C)  Representativeness bias 
D)  Comprehension bias 
A)  Availability bias 
B)  Framing bias 
C)  Representativeness bias 
D)  Comprehension bias

Question 6

Roberts (2005) defined three general approaches of deductive reasoning, all of which are included EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  heuristic approaches 
B)  representation-explanation approaches 
C)  conclusion-heuristic approaches 
D)  conclusion interpretation approaches 
A)  heuristic approaches 
B)  representation-explanation approaches 
C)  conclusion-heuristic approaches 
D)  conclusion interpretation approaches

Question 7

The probability heuristics model proposes that everyday reasoning is not based on probability but rather on logic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Discuss the different types of heuristics biases we face when making decisions, and give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

A correct answer would include and defin

Question 9

_____ focus on how we represent arguments.

Accepted Answer

A)  Synaptic approaches 
B)  Surface approaches 
C)  Conclusion interpretation approaches 
D)  Representation-explanation approaches 
A)  Synaptic approaches 
B)  Surface approaches 
C)  Conclusion interpretation approaches 
D)  Representation-explanation approaches

Question 10

_____ are mental shortcuts that we use to reduce the processing burden on our cognitive systems.

Accepted Answer

A)  Resources 
B)  Algorithms 
C)  Heuristics 
D)  Notes 
A)  Resources 
B)  Algorithms 
C)  Heuristics 
D)  Notes

Question 11

There are rarely established procedures for solving a problem in a laboratory setting.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

_____ is a process by which a conclusion follows necessarily from a series of premises.

Accepted Answer

A)  Conditional reasoning 
B)  Syllogistic reasoning 
C)  Rational reasoning 
D)  Irrational reasoning 
A)  Conditional reasoning 
B)  Syllogistic reasoning 
C)  Rational reasoning 
D)  Irrational reasoning

Question 13

"All doctors are smart. All those who are smart are wealthy. All doctors are wealthy." This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  logistic reasoning 
B)  conducive reasoning 
C)  conditional reasoning 
D)  syllogistic reasoning 
A)  logistic reasoning 
B)  conducive reasoning 
C)  conditional reasoning 
D)  syllogistic reasoning

Question 14

Correlation implies causation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Compare and contrast syllogistic and conditional reasoning. Give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

A correct answer would name an

Question 16

Wason (1960, 1972) identified three general strategies that his participants used for hypothesis testing. All of the following are included EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Verification 
B)  Correlation 
C)  Thinking about alternatives 
D)  Falsification 
A)  Verification 
B)  Correlation 
C)  Thinking about alternatives 
D)  Falsification

Question 17

Deductive reasoning involves all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Understanding and representing the premises 
B)  Examining the likelihood of a conclusion being true 
C)  Combining these representations 
D)  Drawing a conclusion 
A)  Understanding and representing the premises 
B)  Examining the likelihood of a conclusion being true 
C)  Combining these representations 
D)  Drawing a conclusion

Question 18

Imagine that you attend a party with a group of friends, where you all eat a delicious 4-course meal. However, that night, you all end up sick, and you conclude that you must have all gotten sick from the food you ate. This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Representation-explanation approaches 
B)  Causal reasoning 
C)  Analogical reasoning 
D)  Category induction 
A)  Representation-explanation approaches 
B)  Causal reasoning 
C)  Analogical reasoning 
D)  Category induction

Question 19

_____ is about absolute truth, while _____ examines the likelihood of a conclusion being true.

Accepted Answer

A)  deductive reasoning; inductive reasoning 
B)  Inductive reasoning; deductive reasoning 
A)  deductive reasoning; inductive reasoning 
B)  Inductive reasoning; deductive reasoning

Question 20

_____ propose that reasoning relies primarily on general heuristics focused on the surface properties of the quantifiers in the argument rather than on reasoning analytically.

Accepted Answer

A)  Representation-explanation approaches 
B)  Synaptic approaches 
C)  Conclusion interpretation approaches 
D)  Surface approaches 
A)  Representation-explanation approaches 
B)  Synaptic approaches 
C)  Conclusion interpretation approaches 
D)  Surface approaches

Discuss the five stages of Galotti's (2002) model of general decision making. Discuss an example to illustrate all five stages.

All of the following are types of inductive reasoning EXCEPT:

Forrest Gump's famous quote, "Life is like a box of chocolates - you never know what you're going to get," is an example of _____.

The general model of decision making suggests that we spend time structuring our decision before making a final decision.

Imagine you are out at a bar, trying to make new friends. You see a blonde woman who appears to be nice, but you think, "I don't think I'll approach her - blondes tend to be ditzy." This is an example of _____.

Roberts (2005) defined three general approaches of deductive reasoning, all of which are included EXCEPT:

The probability heuristics model proposes that everyday reasoning is not based on probability but rather on logic.

Discuss the different types of heuristics biases we face when making decisions, and give an example of each.

_____ focus on how we represent arguments.

_____ are mental shortcuts that we use to reduce the processing burden on our cognitive systems.

There are rarely established procedures for solving a problem in a laboratory setting.

_____ is a process by which a conclusion follows necessarily from a series of premises.

"All doctors are smart. All those who are smart are wealthy. All doctors are wealthy." This is an example of _____.

Correlation implies causation.

Compare and contrast syllogistic and conditional reasoning. Give an example of each.

Wason (1960, 1972) identified three general strategies that his participants used for hypothesis testing. All of the following are included EXCEPT:

Deductive reasoning involves all of the following EXCEPT:

Imagine that you attend a party with a group of friends, where you all eat a delicious 4-course meal. However, that night, you all end up sick, and you conclude that you must have all gotten sick from the food you ate. This is an example of _____.

_ is about absolute truth, while _ examines the likelihood of a conclusion being true.

_____ propose that reasoning relies primarily on general heuristics focused on the surface properties of the quantifiers in the argument rather than on reasoning analytically.

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception

Attention

Memory Structures and Processes

Long-Term Memory: Influences on Retrieval

Memory Errors

Imagery

Language

Concepts and Knowledge

Problem Solving

Filters

Exam 12: Reasoning and Decision Making

Discuss the five stages of Galotti's (2002) model of general decision making. Discuss an example to illustrate all five stages.

All of the following are types of inductive reasoning EXCEPT:

Forrest Gump's famous quote, "Life is like a box of chocolates - you never know what you're going to get," is an example of _____.

The general model of decision making suggests that we spend time structuring our decision before making a final decision.

Imagine you are out at a bar, trying to make new friends. You see a blonde woman who appears to be nice, but you think, "I don't think I'll approach her - blondes tend to be ditzy." This is an example of _____.

Roberts (2005) defined three general approaches of deductive reasoning, all of which are included EXCEPT:

The probability heuristics model proposes that everyday reasoning is not based on probability but rather on logic.

Discuss the different types of heuristics biases we face when making decisions, and give an example of each.

_____ focus on how we represent arguments.

_____ are mental shortcuts that we use to reduce the processing burden on our cognitive systems.

There are rarely established procedures for solving a problem in a laboratory setting.

_____ is a process by which a conclusion follows necessarily from a series of premises.

"All doctors are smart. All those who are smart are wealthy. All doctors are wealthy." This is an example of _____.

Correlation implies causation.

Compare and contrast syllogistic and conditional reasoning. Give an example of each.

Wason (1960, 1972) identified three general strategies that his participants used for hypothesis testing. All of the following are included EXCEPT:

Deductive reasoning involves all of the following EXCEPT:

Imagine that you attend a party with a group of friends, where you all eat a delicious 4-course meal. However, that night, you all end up sick, and you conclude that you must have all gotten sick from the food you ate. This is an example of _____.

_____ is about absolute truth, while _____ examines the likelihood of a conclusion being true.

_____ propose that reasoning relies primarily on general heuristics focused on the surface properties of the quantifiers in the argument rather than on reasoning analytically.

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception

Attention

Memory Structures and Processes

Long-Term Memory: Influences on Retrieval

Memory Errors

Imagery

Language

Concepts and Knowledge

Problem Solving

Filters

_ is about absolute truth, while _ examines the likelihood of a conclusion being true.