Question 1

Antidiuretic hormone

Accepted Answer

A) is released from the posterior pituitary gland. 
B) stimulates water intake. 
C) stimulates water conservation by the kidneys. 
D) is produced by the hypothalamus. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) is released from the posterior pituitary gland. 
B) stimulates water intake. 
C) stimulates water conservation by the kidneys. 
D) is produced by the hypothalamus. 
E) All of the answers are correct. E

Question 2

A ________ consists of a combination of a weak acid and its associated anion.

Accepted Answer

buffer

Question 3

The primary role of the carbonic-acid-bicarbonate buffer system is to

Accepted Answer

A) buffer stomach acid. 
B) buffer carbonic acid formed by carbon dioxide. 
C) limit pH changes caused by organic and fixed acids. 
D) buffer the urine. 
E) increase ventilation. 
A) buffer stomach acid. 
B) buffer carbonic acid formed by carbon dioxide. 
C) limit pH changes caused by organic and fixed acids. 
D) buffer the urine. 
E) increase ventilation. C

Question 4

Which hormone stimulates the thirst mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) ADH 
B) aldosterone 
C) BNP 
D) ANP 
E) epinephrine 
A) ADH 
B) aldosterone 
C) BNP 
D) ANP 
E) epinephrine

Question 5

Exchange between the two main subdivisions of ECF occurs primarily at the

Accepted Answer

A) veins. 
B) muscles. 
C) tissues. 
D) capillaries. 
E) arteries. 
A) veins. 
B) muscles. 
C) tissues. 
D) capillaries. 
E) arteries.

Question 6

Consuming a meal high in salt will

Accepted Answer

A) drastically increase the osmolarity of the blood. 
B) result in a temporary increase in blood volume. 
C) decrease thirst. 
D) cause hypotension. 
E) activate the renin-angiotensin mechanism. 
A) drastically increase the osmolarity of the blood. 
B) result in a temporary increase in blood volume. 
C) decrease thirst. 
D) cause hypotension. 
E) activate the renin-angiotensin mechanism.

Question 7

The most common problems with electrolyte balance are caused by an imbalance between gains and losses of

Accepted Answer

A) calcium ions. 
B) chlorine ions. 
C) potassium ions. 
D) sodium ions. 
E) electrons. 
A) calcium ions. 
B) chlorine ions. 
C) potassium ions. 
D) sodium ions. 
E) electrons.

Question 8

A ________ acid is an acid that cannot leave solution and enter the atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

fixed or n

Question 9

The ions in highest concentration in the extracellular fluid are

Accepted Answer

A) sodium,chloride,and bicarbonate. 
B) sodium,potassium,and bicarbonate. 
C) sodium,potassium,and calcium. 
D) sodium,hydrogen,and chloride. 
E) sodium,potassium,and phosphate. 
A) sodium,chloride,and bicarbonate. 
B) sodium,potassium,and bicarbonate. 
C) sodium,potassium,and calcium. 
D) sodium,hydrogen,and chloride. 
E) sodium,potassium,and phosphate.

Question 10

A chemical that minimizes changes in the pH of a body fluid by releasing or binding hydrogen ion is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) electrolyte. 
B) acid. 
C) alkali. 
D) compensation. 
E) buffer. 
A) electrolyte. 
B) acid. 
C) alkali. 
D) compensation. 
E) buffer.

Question 11

A patient who has been both vomiting and having diarrhea is losing ________ from his body.

Accepted Answer

A) water 
B) sodium 
C) bicarbonate ion 
D) hydrogen ion 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) water 
B) sodium 
C) bicarbonate ion 
D) hydrogen ion 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 12

Hypercapnia refers to elevated levels of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hypercapnia refers to elevated levels of ________....

Question 13

Secretion of potassium into the urine is

Accepted Answer

A) increased by ADH. 
B) associated with the reabsorption of sodium from the distal tubules and collecting ducts. 
C) minimal because the human diet includes very little potassium. 
D) an indication of dehydration. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) increased by ADH. 
B) associated with the reabsorption of sodium from the distal tubules and collecting ducts. 
C) minimal because the human diet includes very little potassium. 
D) an indication of dehydration. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 14

Which of the following descriptions best fits the acid-base disorder respiratory alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A) consequence of hyperventilation,for example in fever or mental illness 
B) consequence of prolonged vomiting 
C) consequence of reduced alveolar ventilation,for example due to COPD 
D) consequence of tissue hypoxia,for example in ischemic conditions 
A) consequence of hyperventilation,for example in fever or mental illness 
B) consequence of prolonged vomiting 
C) consequence of reduced alveolar ventilation,for example due to COPD 
D) consequence of tissue hypoxia,for example in ischemic conditions

Question 15

The ions in highest concentration in the intracellular fluid are

Accepted Answer

A) potassium,chloride,and bicarbonate. 
B) sodium,potassium,and bicarbonate. 
C) sodium,potassium,and calcium. 
D) potassium,hydrogen,and chloride. 
E) proteins,potassium,and phosphate. 
A) potassium,chloride,and bicarbonate. 
B) sodium,potassium,and bicarbonate. 
C) sodium,potassium,and calcium. 
D) potassium,hydrogen,and chloride. 
E) proteins,potassium,and phosphate.

Question 16

When pure water is consumed,

Accepted Answer

A) the ECF becomes hypertonic to the ICF. 
B) a fluid shift occurs and the volume of the ICF decreases. 
C) osmolarities of the two fluid compartments fall. 
D) the volume of the ECF decreases. 
E) the volume of the ICF decreases. 
A) the ECF becomes hypertonic to the ICF. 
B) a fluid shift occurs and the volume of the ICF decreases. 
C) osmolarities of the two fluid compartments fall. 
D) the volume of the ECF decreases. 
E) the volume of the ICF decreases.

Question 17

When the pH rises above 7.45,a state of ________ exists.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When the pH rises above 7.45,a state...

Question 18

A ________ acid is an acid that can leave solution and enter the atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ________ acid is an acid that...

Question 19

The maintenance of normal volume and composition of extracellular and intracellular fluids is vital to life.List and briefly describe the kinds of homeostasis involved.

Accepted Answer

Three types of homeostasis are involved:

Question 20

About two-thirds of the body fluid is within cells and is termed ________ fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) intracellular 
B) intercellular 
C) extracellular 
D) interstitial 
E) vital 
A) intracellular 
B) intercellular 
C) extracellular 
D) interstitial 
E) vital

Exam 27: Fluid, electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Antidiuretic hormone

A ________ consists of a combination of a weak acid and its associated anion.

The primary role of the carbonic-acid-bicarbonate buffer system is to

Which hormone stimulates the thirst mechanism?

Exchange between the two main subdivisions of ECF occurs primarily at the

Consuming a meal high in salt will

The most common problems with electrolyte balance are caused by an imbalance between gains and losses of

A ________ acid is an acid that cannot leave solution and enter the atmosphere.

The ions in highest concentration in the extracellular fluid are

A chemical that minimizes changes in the pH of a body fluid by releasing or binding hydrogen ion is called a(n)

A patient who has been both vomiting and having diarrhea is losing ________ from his body.

Hypercapnia refers to elevated levels of ________.

Secretion of potassium into the urine is

Which of the following descriptions best fits the acid-base disorder respiratory alkalosis?

The ions in highest concentration in the intracellular fluid are

When pure water is consumed,

When the pH rises above 7.45,a state of ________ exists.

A ________ acid is an acid that can leave solution and enter the atmosphere.

The maintenance of normal volume and composition of extracellular and intracellular fluids is vital to life.List and briefly describe the kinds of homeostasis involved.

About two-thirds of the body fluid is within cells and is termed ________ fluid.

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Articulations

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Neural Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

Neural Integration Ii: the Autonomic Nervous System and

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

The Urinary System

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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