Exam 4: General Issues In Research Design

In examining the relationship between drug use and crime discussed in your text,which of the following represents an internal validity threat?

According to the text book,because time order is a requirement for causal inferences,the time dimension of research requires

Which of the following is accurate with respect to time dimensions?

Exploratory and descriptive studies frequently are___________ in nature since they allow data to be gathered at one point in time.

It is often said that social science is inherently probabilistic.What is meant by that?

Which of the following is not true concerning a cohort study?

Explanatory studies are not cross-sectional.

All but which of the following would be a unit of analysis?

In a general sense,external validity is concerned with whether research findings from one study can be

Criminal justice_______ has difficulty with regard to causality because researchers encounter very few perfect measures of correlation.

Explain the difference between a necessary and a sufficient cause.Give an example of each from the criminal justice literature.

After careful study of the relationship between the economy and arson,the conclusion was drawn that when the economy is poor and unemployment is high the arson rates go up.The researcher concluded that unemployed people are more likely to commit arson than are those that are employed.What error was just committed?

When we are concerned with whether we are correct in inferring that a cause produced an effect,we are concerned with the:

Ruth wanted to study the educational histories of inmates at prison.She interviewed prisoners on their involvement in school and academic performance.Ruth was conducting which type of research?

What type of study attempts to account for errors in drawing a sample by measuring the same people on two or more occasions?

Threats to internal validity result from nonrandom,systematic error.

Provide an example of the way in which the ecological fallacy is the result of errors with units of analysis.Explain in detail.

Which of the following would not be an example of social artifacts as units of analysis?

Dr.Stone is interested in comparing the attitudes about teenage pregnancy between the United States and the Netherlands.He selects samples in both countries of 10 year old males and females and plans to survey a portion of them every other year for the next ten years.Stone is using what technique?

When we are concerned with how well an observed relationship between variables represents the underlying causal process of interest we are concerned with____________ validity.