Question 1

Which of the following is not a central feature of the classical experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  variables 
B)  time order 
C)  concepts 
D)  groups 
A)  variables 
B)  time order 
C)  concepts 
D)  groups C

Question 2

Construct validity is concerned with the ability to generalize from the results of the experimental group to the control group.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Experimentation is best suited for hypothesis testing in:

Accepted Answer

A)  explanatory studies 
B)  evaluation studies 
C)  physical studies 
D)  both explanatory and evaluation studies 
A)  explanatory studies 
B)  evaluation studies 
C)  physical studies 
D)  both explanatory and evaluation studies D

Question 4

In case-oriented research a large number of cases are examined in order to understand a small number of variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

In the case where the experimental groups and the control groups are not equivalent,which of the following should not be used to address this issue?

Accepted Answer

A)  proceed with the experiment because you can address the issues during your statistical analysis 
B)  match the groups on important variables 
C)  use comparison groups instead of control groups 
D)  match groups on any variables that are significant for the fluctuation in the dependent variable 
A)  proceed with the experiment because you can address the issues during your statistical analysis 
B)  match the groups on important variables 
C)  use comparison groups instead of control groups 
D)  match groups on any variables that are significant for the fluctuation in the dependent variable

Question 6

Shortening the time between pretest and posttest or perhaps even offering cash payments to participants in an experiment are techniques that may be used to:

Accepted Answer

A)  limit diffusion 
B)  decrease experimental mortality 
C)  decrease the effects of instrumentation 
D)  control threats to testing 
A)  limit diffusion 
B)  decrease experimental mortality 
C)  decrease the effects of instrumentation 
D)  control threats to testing

Question 7

When using a nonequivalent-groups design the researcher will handle subject assignment to groups by:

Accepted Answer

A)  random assignment to experimental and control groups 
B)  allowing subjects to pick which group they want to be in 
C)  matching subjects in the experimental group to those in the comparison group. 
D)  assignment by convenience 
A)  random assignment to experimental and control groups 
B)  allowing subjects to pick which group they want to be in 
C)  matching subjects in the experimental group to those in the comparison group. 
D)  assignment by convenience

Question 8

Sometimes it is not possible to separate subjects from experimental and control groups and the result is that they may discuss the research.What is the threat that this situation poses?

Accepted Answer

A)  causal time order 
B)  experimental mortality 
C)  diffusion or imitation of treatments 
D)  statistical regression 
A)  causal time order 
B)  experimental mortality 
C)  diffusion or imitation of treatments 
D)  statistical regression

Question 9

What technique can be used to help reduce the threat to experimental mortality?

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the sample size 
B)  decreasing the sample size 
C)  shorten the time between the pretest and the posttest 
D)  select only subjects who are female 
A)  increasing the sample size 
B)  decreasing the sample size 
C)  shorten the time between the pretest and the posttest 
D)  select only subjects who are female

Question 10

The defining feature of an experiment lies in the control of the independent variable by the experimenter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The threat of history refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  some subjects with have had history classes and others not 
B)  the realization that some subjects have learned from history while others have not 
C)  events external to the experiment that will impact the results 
D)  the fact that only current, relevant subjects need be studied 
A)  some subjects with have had history classes and others not 
B)  the realization that some subjects have learned from history while others have not 
C)  events external to the experiment that will impact the results 
D)  the fact that only current, relevant subjects need be studied

Question 12

In general,testing refers to changes in how subjects respond to measurement,whereas instrumentation is concerned with:

Accepted Answer

A)  the world we live in 
B)  changes in the measurement process itself 
C)  the scientific hypothesis 
D)  the motive for the experiment itself 
A)  the world we live in 
B)  changes in the measurement process itself 
C)  the scientific hypothesis 
D)  the motive for the experiment itself

Question 13

With respect to internal validity issues,testing refers to changes in how subjects respond to measurement while_____________refers to changes in the measurement process itself.

Accepted Answer

The answer of With respect to internal validity issues,testing refers...

Question 14

One threat to internal validity in criminal justice research that is not very significant is

Accepted Answer

A)  history, because few things happen on a grand scale that would impact criminal justice research 
B)  maturation, because criminal justice subjects are not in research studies long enough to mature 
C)  statistical regression, because subjects in the criminal justice system are likely to score lower than the mean anyway 
D)  the concern about the publication of the findings 
A)  history, because few things happen on a grand scale that would impact criminal justice research 
B)  maturation, because criminal justice subjects are not in research studies long enough to mature 
C)  statistical regression, because subjects in the criminal justice system are likely to score lower than the mean anyway 
D)  the concern about the publication of the findings

Question 15

You have just completed the LSAT and scored 112.Your roommate who is no smarter than you took the LSAT with you and scored 165.You were so upset with your score that you decided to take the test again and you convinced your roommate to take it with you for moral support.You both received scores on the second exam of 150.What accounted for the differences in scores?

Accepted Answer

A)  statistical regression 
B)  testing 
C)  instrumentation 
D)  maturation 
A)  statistical regression 
B)  testing 
C)  instrumentation 
D)  maturation

Question 16

Explain why experimentation is not well suited for the purposes of description and exploration.

Accepted Answer

Experimentation is not well suited for t

Question 17

Which of the following would not be likely to impact a study's external validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  do research in the natural setting 
B)  experiments where there is too much control of conditions 
C)  using an unrepresentative sample 
D)  applied studies reduce external validity 
A)  do research in the natural setting 
B)  experiments where there is too much control of conditions 
C)  using an unrepresentative sample 
D)  applied studies reduce external validity

Question 18

The threat to the internal validity of an experiment that is called compensatory treatment refers to which of the following situations?

Accepted Answer

A)  the control group subjects being paid while the experimental group subjects are not 
B)  the experimental group subjects being paid while the control group subjects are not 
C)  the subjects in the control group feel deprived of something they consider valuable 
D)  there is no threat to internal validity called compensatory treatment 
A)  the control group subjects being paid while the experimental group subjects are not 
B)  the experimental group subjects being paid while the control group subjects are not 
C)  the subjects in the control group feel deprived of something they consider valuable 
D)  there is no threat to internal validity called compensatory treatment

Question 19

Which of the following would be an example of selection bias?

Accepted Answer

A)  volunteers 
B)  random assignment to experimental and control groups 
C)  matching on experimental and comparison groups 
D)  making sure that the quotas are the same for the experimental and comparison groups with respect to important variables 
A)  volunteers 
B)  random assignment to experimental and control groups 
C)  matching on experimental and comparison groups 
D)  making sure that the quotas are the same for the experimental and comparison groups with respect to important variables

Question 20

How many attributes does a dichotomous variable have?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  4 
A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  4

Which of the following is not a central feature of the classical experiment?

Construct validity is concerned with the ability to generalize from the results of the experimental group to the control group.

Experimentation is best suited for hypothesis testing in:

In case-oriented research a large number of cases are examined in order to understand a small number of variables.

In the case where the experimental groups and the control groups are not equivalent,which of the following should not be used to address this issue?

Shortening the time between pretest and posttest or perhaps even offering cash payments to participants in an experiment are techniques that may be used to:

When using a nonequivalent-groups design the researcher will handle subject assignment to groups by:

Sometimes it is not possible to separate subjects from experimental and control groups and the result is that they may discuss the research.What is the threat that this situation poses?

What technique can be used to help reduce the threat to experimental mortality?

The defining feature of an experiment lies in the control of the independent variable by the experimenter.

The threat of history refers to:

In general,testing refers to changes in how subjects respond to measurement,whereas instrumentation is concerned with:

With respect to internal validity issues,testing refers to changes in how subjects respond to measurement while_____________refers to changes in the measurement process itself.

One threat to internal validity in criminal justice research that is not very significant is

Explain why experimentation is not well suited for the purposes of description and exploration.

Which of the following would not be likely to impact a study's external validity?

The threat to the internal validity of an experiment that is called compensatory treatment refers to which of the following situations?

Which of the following would be an example of selection bias?

How many attributes does a dichotomous variable have?

Crime Criminal-Justice And-Scientific-Inquiry

Theory and Criminal Justice Research

Ethics and Criminal Justice Research

General Issues In Research Design

Concepts Operationalization And-Measurement

Measuring-Crime

Sampling

Survey Research and Other Ways of Asking Questions

Qualitative-Interviewing

Field-Research

Agency Records Content Analysis And Secondary Data

Evaluation Research and Problem Analysis

Interpreting-Data

Filters

Exam 7: Experimental and Quasi Experimental Designs

Which of the following is not a central feature of the classical experiment?

Construct validity is concerned with the ability to generalize from the results of the experimental group to the control group.

Experimentation is best suited for hypothesis testing in:

In case-oriented research a large number of cases are examined in order to understand a small number of variables.

In the case where the experimental groups and the control groups are not equivalent,which of the following should not be used to address this issue?

Shortening the time between pretest and posttest or perhaps even offering cash payments to participants in an experiment are techniques that may be used to:

When using a nonequivalent-groups design the researcher will handle subject assignment to groups by:

Sometimes it is not possible to separate subjects from experimental and control groups and the result is that they may discuss the research.What is the threat that this situation poses?

What technique can be used to help reduce the threat to experimental mortality?

The defining feature of an experiment lies in the control of the independent variable by the experimenter.

The threat of history refers to:

In general,testing refers to changes in how subjects respond to measurement,whereas instrumentation is concerned with:

With respect to internal validity issues,testing refers to changes in how subjects respond to measurement while_____________refers to changes in the measurement process itself.

One threat to internal validity in criminal justice research that is not very significant is

Explain why experimentation is not well suited for the purposes of description and exploration.

Which of the following would not be likely to impact a study's external validity?

The threat to the internal validity of an experiment that is called compensatory treatment refers to which of the following situations?

Which of the following would be an example of selection bias?

How many attributes does a dichotomous variable have?

Crime Criminal-Justice And-Scientific-Inquiry

Theory and Criminal Justice Research

Ethics and Criminal Justice Research

General Issues In Research Design

Concepts Operationalization And-Measurement

Measuring-Crime

Sampling

Survey Research and Other Ways of Asking Questions

Qualitative-Interviewing

Field-Research

Agency Records Content Analysis And Secondary Data

Evaluation Research and Problem Analysis

Interpreting-Data

Filters