Exam 16: Beyond Our Solar System

According to the big bang theory, the first two elements to form in the universe were ________.

Though they are called ________, these objects are not really empty space but very, very dense objects, so dense that their gravity pulls nearby material irresistibly in toward them, even light. Some of this material is altered on its way in to this death spiral - and it gives off X-rays in two jets.

The Sun is a mid-sized ________ star that is about halfway through its stellar life-cycle.

Hubble's law states that galaxies are receding from us at a speed that is proportional to ________.

________ is the measure of a star's brightness.

Examine the figure and then evaluate the following statement: Based on the red light, this is likely to be a reflection nebula.

This graph is called a(n)________ showing the relationship of temperature to absolute magnitude for various stars.

Cepheid variables are important stars to cosmologists because their ________ can be determined from their rate of pulsation.

Very large red stars, such as Betelgeuse in the constellation Orion, are called ________.

The point in stellar evolution when a star has used up all its fuel and is radiating away its remaining thermal energy as light is the ________ stage.

Smallest white dwarves have the largest mass.

Most galaxies in the universe are moving away from us.

A(n)________ results when the outward-directed gas pressure (created by thermal nuclear energy)is balanced in a stable relationship with inward-directed gravitational force.

How do we calculate or determine the distances to stars? What units do we use the distances between stars and/or galaxies?

The fate of the universe (i.e., whether it expands forever or eventually collapses back on itself)is determined by its ________.

Examine the figure. Which of the four lettered locations is closest to the position of the supergiant Betelgeuse on this graph?

Which of the following types of nebulae doesn't fit with the other three?

Degenerate matter is something you would expect to find in a dark nebula.

Examine the figure. Which of the four lettered locations is closest to the position of Earth's Sun on this graph?

Which color stars have the coolest surface temperature?