Question 1

Waves ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) refract (bend)so as to impact the shore in a nearly parallel manner 
B) refract so as to impact the shore nearly perpendicular to the shoreline 
C) reflect directly backward from the angle at which they approached the shoreline 
D) are reflected off the shoreline,but never refract 
A) refract (bend)so as to impact the shore in a nearly parallel manner 
B) refract so as to impact the shore nearly perpendicular to the shoreline 
C) reflect directly backward from the angle at which they approached the shoreline 
D) are reflected off the shoreline,but never refract A

Question 2

Rip currents flow ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) directly toward the shoreline 
B) directly away from the shoreline 
C) parallel to the shoreline 
A) directly toward the shoreline 
B) directly away from the shoreline 
C) parallel to the shoreline B

Question 3

When the sea level rises,the ocean may invade a river valley,producing a nearshore body of water of mixed and variable salinity termed a(n)____________.

Accepted Answer

A) atoll 
B) lagoon 
C) estuary 
D) jetty 
A) atoll 
B) lagoon 
C) estuary 
D) jetty B

Question 4

Along beaches,groins have ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) solved the problem of beach drift 
B) increased erosion rates immediately up current from the groin 
C) increased erosion rates immediately down current from the groin 
D) increased depositional rates immediately down current from the groin 
A) solved the problem of beach drift 
B) increased erosion rates immediately up current from the groin 
C) increased erosion rates immediately down current from the groin 
D) increased depositional rates immediately down current from the groin

Question 5

Which type of coastline would most likely contain estuaries or fjords?

Accepted Answer

A) subductive coastline 
B) emergent coastline 
C) submergent coastline 
D) divergent coastline 
A) subductive coastline 
B) emergent coastline 
C) submergent coastline 
D) divergent coastline

Question 6

Which portion of the sea floor is most steeply sloped?

Accepted Answer

A) abyssal plains 
B) continental shelves 
C) continental slopes 
D) continental rises 
A) abyssal plains 
B) continental shelves 
C) continental slopes 
D) continental rises

Question 7

Because of wave refraction,erosion along an irregular coastline is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) even along the length of the coast 
B) greatest along headlands 
C) greatest in bays 
A) even along the length of the coast 
B) greatest along headlands 
C) greatest in bays

Question 8

The average depth of the abyssal plains below sea level is about ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 km 
B) 2.5 km 
C) 4.5 km 
D) 8 km 
A) 1 km 
B) 2.5 km 
C) 4.5 km 
D) 8 km

Question 9

Approximately what percentage of Earth's surface is covered with water?

Accepted Answer

A) 30% 
B) 50% 
C) 70% 
D) 85% 
A) 30% 
B) 50% 
C) 70% 
D) 85%

Question 10

For the Earth as a whole,ocean water temperatures vary more than surface-air temperatures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

What percentage of seawater,on average,consists of dissolved salt ions?

Accepted Answer

A) 1.5% 
B) 3.5% 
C) 5.5% 
D) 6.5% 
A) 1.5% 
B) 3.5% 
C) 5.5% 
D) 6.5%

Question 12

A wave will disturb the water to a depth equal to ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) its wavelength 
B) its surface amplitude 
C) the bottom of the sea floor 
D) one-half of its wavelength 
A) its wavelength 
B) its surface amplitude 
C) the bottom of the sea floor 
D) one-half of its wavelength

Question 13

Compared to continental crust,oceanic crust is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) denser 
B) less dense 
C) about the same density 
A) denser 
B) less dense 
C) about the same density

Question 14

The density of seawater increases with ____________ and ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) increasing temperature;increasing salinity 
B) decreasing temperature;increasing salinity 
C) increasing temperature;decreasing salinity 
D) decreasing temperature;decreasing salinity 
A) increasing temperature;increasing salinity 
B) decreasing temperature;increasing salinity 
C) increasing temperature;decreasing salinity 
D) decreasing temperature;decreasing salinity

Question 15

The magnitude of tidal effect (lateral extent of the intertidal zone between low and high tides)is affected by the ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) steepness of the intertidal beach 
B) position of the Sun 
C) bathymetry of the region 
D) A and C are correct. 
A) steepness of the intertidal beach 
B) position of the Sun 
C) bathymetry of the region 
D) A and C are correct.

Question 16

At the equatorial ocean basins,sea surface temperatures may reach 30°C or greater;at the sea floor 4 km to 5 km below,the temperature is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) slightly warmer (33°
C)  
B) about room temperature (25°
C)  
C) cool (10°C-15°
C)  
D) near freezing (1°C-2°
C)  
A) slightly warmer (33°
C)  
B) about room temperature (25°
C)  
C) cool (10°C-15°
C)  
D) near freezing (1°C-2°
C)

Question 17

Bioturbation is the ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) generation of turbidity currents by sea creatures 
B) mixing of sediment by plankton 
C) mixing of sediment by burrowing organisms 
D) formation of biochemical sedimentary rocks 
A) generation of turbidity currents by sea creatures 
B) mixing of sediment by plankton 
C) mixing of sediment by burrowing organisms 
D) formation of biochemical sedimentary rocks

Question 18

Coastal processes are of interest to geologists,but affect relatively few people because less than 10% of the world's population lives within 10 km of a sea coast.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Rogue waves arise from constructive interference of multiple convergent waves,and can be more than 100 feet high.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Longshore currents flow ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) directly toward the shoreline 
B) directly away from the shoreline 
C) parallel to the shoreline 
A) directly toward the shoreline 
B) directly away from the shoreline 
C) parallel to the shoreline

Exam 18: Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

Waves ___________.

Rip currents flow ____________.

When the sea level rises,the ocean may invade a river valley,producing a nearshore body of water of mixed and variable salinity termed a(n)____________.

Along beaches,groins have ____________.

Which type of coastline would most likely contain estuaries or fjords?

Which portion of the sea floor is most steeply sloped?

Because of wave refraction,erosion along an irregular coastline is ____________.

The average depth of the abyssal plains below sea level is about ____________.

Approximately what percentage of Earth's surface is covered with water?

For the Earth as a whole,ocean water temperatures vary more than surface-air temperatures.

What percentage of seawater,on average,consists of dissolved salt ions?

A wave will disturb the water to a depth equal to ____________.

Compared to continental crust,oceanic crust is ____________.

The density of seawater increases with ____________ and ____________.

The magnitude of tidal effect (lateral extent of the intertidal zone between low and high tides)is affected by the ____________.

At the equatorial ocean basins,sea surface temperatures may reach 30°C or greater;at the sea floor 4 km to 5 km below,the temperature is ____________.

Bioturbation is the ____________.

Coastal processes are of interest to geologists,but affect relatively few people because less than 10% of the world's population lives within 10 km of a sea coast.

Rogue waves arise from constructive interference of multiple convergent waves,and can be more than 100 feet high.

Longshore currents flow ____________.

Cosmology and the Birth of Earth

Journey to the Center of the Earth

Drifting Continents and Spreading Seas

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rock

Pages of Earths Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism: A Process of Change

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Cracks, crags, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of Earth

Squeezing Power From a Stone: Energy Resources

Riches in Rock: Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: The Geology of Running Water

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

An Envelope of Gas: Earths Atmosphere and Climate

Dry Settings: the Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Filters

The density of seawater increases with and .