Exam 13: Development of the Heart

A newborn soon begins exhibiting signs of cyanosis.Using Doppler ultrasound,you find that the right ventricle is enlarged with evidence of reduced pulmonary blood flow,an overriding aorta,and a ventricular septal defect.What is the likely diagnosis?

What process is thought to play a key role in the realignment of the atrioventricular canal with both right and left atrial and ventricular chambers before completion of cardiac septation?

Why is the cardiogenic area limited to the lateral plate mesoderm?

Mutations in the Nkx2.5 gene can be found associated with what cardiovascular anomaly (anomalies)?

Heart chamber specification is dependent on the loss,gain,or limited expression of several transcription factors.What pattern of expression supports specification and formation of the right ventricle?

What type of cardiac defect would you expect if the conotruncal ridges failed to spiral as they fuse and divide the outflow tract?

A researcher places a slice of the developing heart tube into culture.In a series of experiments,different areas are labeled to tract cells.Which cells when labeled will be shown to be the primary progenitors for cushion cells within the atrioventricular septum?

When exerting herself,a 2-year-old female patient develops blue-colored lips and clubbed fingers,gasps for air,and breathes heavily.Prior to this age,the patient showed no signs of illness.Clinical tests reveal only pronounced right ventricular hypertrophy accompanied by evidence of pulmonary congestion.What is the most likely cause?

A 46-year-old female exhibits signs of congestive heart failure.After an ultrasound and MRI were performed,right ventricular hypertrophy was observed.The only other accompanying defect was an atrial septal defect in the upper portion of the interatrial wall.What might be an etiology mechanism leading to the formation of this defect?

What part of the heart is derived from the left sinus horn?