Exam 9: Developmental Theories: Life Course and Latent Trait

According to life course theories, criminal opportunity, effective guardianship, and apprehension risk are __________ factors that can explain the onset, continuance, and desistance from crime.

Gottfredson and Hirschi trace the root cause of poor self-control to:

Lober's covert pathway begins with minor, underhanded behaviors such as lying and shoplifting.

Sampson and Laub's research indicates that building __________ and strong social bonds reduces the likelihood of long-term deviance.

Regardless of gender or environment, those who maintain a latent trait may be predisposed to crime and are in danger of becoming career criminals.

How do life course theorists view criminality?

The general theory of crime links the propensity to commit crime to low intelligence and body build.

Criminal career trajectories cannot be reversed even if life conditions improve.

Critics of the GTC argue that white-collar criminals and organized crime bosses:

Using data from a longitudinal study of Pittsburgh youth, Loeber identified distinct pathways to crime. Which pathway begins at an early age with stubborn behavior?

Which of the following statements regarding gender differences and the general theory of crime is accurate?

Identify and discuss the principles of life course theories.

Why is early onset an important factor in crime?

Bacon and Paternoster identified this pathway to crime characterized by staying out of trouble during adolescence, until late in one's teenage years, then becoming violent chronic offenders.

Latent trait theorists believe human development is controlled by a master trait present at birth or soon after that results in:

Gottfredson and Hirschi claim that the principles of self-control theory:

What are latent traits and how are latent traits linked to the onset and persistence of crime?

Building social capital supports conventional behavior and inhibits deviant behavior.

Latent trait theories hold that human development is controlled by a "master trait" present at birth or soon after.

Life course theories integrate personal, social, socialization, situational and cognitive factors to explain human behavior. Personality and intelligence are __________ factors that can explain the onset and continuation of criminality.