Exam 11: Programming

Programmers specify the actual solution in the problem statement.

Which of the following is not a programming paradigm?

Third-generation languages added a level of abstraction to machine languages by substituting abbreviated command words for the strings of 1s and 0s used in machine languages.​

The downside of the _____________ paradigm is that it does not fit gracefully with certain types of problems-those that are unstructured or those with very complex algorithms.​

The procedural paradigm focuses on an algorithm that describes a solution, whereas the _____________ paradigm focuses on describing the problem.

Programmers who work within the declarative paradigm envision a program as data objects that essentially network with each other to exchange data.

Prolog programming is all about facts and rules.​

Application programmers specialize in developing system software such as operating systems, device drivers, security modules, and communications software.​

Which of the following is a scripting language?

An algorithm can be expressed or documented using pseudocode.

In Prolog programming, a(n) __________ represents one of the main subjects that a fact describes.​

A(n) ____ code is a command word for an operation, such as add, compare, or jump.

In a programming project, a(n) _____________ methodology requires extensive planning and documentation up front.

Each fact in a Prolog program is similar to a record in a database, but you can query a Prolog program's database by asking a question, called a(n) _______ in Prolog jargon.​

A(n) _________ methodology focuses on flexible development and specifications that evolve as a programming project progresses.

The set of rules that specify the sequence of keywords, parameters, and punctuation in a program instruction is referred to as _______.​

​Computer historians believe that ____________ was the first programming language to work with objects, classes, inheritance, and methods.

The procedural approach is best used for problems that can be solved by following a step-by-step algorithm.​

A(n) _________ represents a value that can change.​

A __________ is available for use by any routine in the program, while a _______________ can be accessed only from the routine in which it is defined.