Exam 12: Cryptography

In a ____ attack, the attacker has access to plaintext and ciphertext and the ability to choose which messages to encrypt.

The program ____ is one of the best programs available today for cracking password files.

How does public key infrastructure work?

In a ____ attack, the attacker has messages in both encrypted form and decrypted forms.

The Book of Jeremiah was written using a cipher, or key, known as ____.

What is a substitution cipher?

MATCHING Match each term with the correct statement below. -operates on blocks of plaintext

A certificate contains a unique serial number and must follow the ____ standard that describes the makings of a certificate.

How can confidentiality and authentication be achieved using public key cryptography?

MATCHING Match each term with the correct statement below. -digital document that verifies that the two parties exchanging data over the Internet are really who they claim to be

____ is an asymmetrical algorithm that can be used to encrypt data, create a digital signature, and exchange secret keys.

MATCHING Match each term with the correct statement below. -output of a hashing algorithm

____________________ attacks are used to find the same hash value for two different inputs.

In a ____ attack, after an attacker has access to a password file, he or she can run a password-cracking program that uses a dictionary of known words or passwords as an input file.

What is cryptanalysis?

Cryptography is the process of converting plaintext, which is readable text, into ____________________, which is unreadable or encrypted text.

MATCHING Match each term with the correct statement below. -operates on plaintext one bit at a time

____ is a hashing algorithm developed by Rivest in 1991.