Exam 2: Fundamentals of Data and Signals

A problem inherent with delta modulation is that if the analog waveform rises or drops too quickly, the codec may not be able to keep up with the change, and ____________________ results.

With the ____________________ encoding scheme, to transmit a 1, the signal changes from low to high in the middle of the interval; to transmit a 0, the signal changes from high to low in the middle of the interval.

One of the most common forms of data transmitted between a transmitter and a receiver is textual data.

The lowest note possible on the piano is ____ Hz, and the highest note possible is 4200 Hz.

One encoding technique that converts analog data to a digital signal is ____.

Amplitude shift keying is restricted to only two possible amplitude levels: low and high.

____ shift keying incorporates four different phase angles, each of which represents 2 bits.

Currently, ____________________ supports more than 110 different code charts (languages and symbol sets).

____________________ is unwanted electrical or electromagnetic energy that degrades the quality of signals and data.

The ____________________ of a signal is the height of the wave above (or below) a given reference point.

Attenuation in a medium such as copper wire is a logarithmic loss and is a function of distance and the resistance within the wire.

The NRZ-L encoding scheme is simple to generate and inexpensive to implement in hardware.

The ability to separate noise from a digital waveform is one of the great strengths of digital systems.

A sine wave is common example used to demonstrate an analog signal.

The set of all textual characters or symbols and their corresponding binary patterns is called a(n) ____________________.

____________________ is a simpler form of modulation in which binary 1s and 0s are represented by uniquely different values of amplitude, frequency, or phase.

According to a famous communications theorem created by Nyquist, the sampling rate using pulse code modulation must be at least three times the highest frequency of the original analog waveform.

The ____ encoding scheme has a voltage change at the beginning of a 1 and no voltage change at the beginning of a 0.

The ____________________ of a signal is the position of the waveform relative to a given moment of time, or relative to time zero.

____ is the process of sending data over a signal by varying either its amplitude, frequency, or phase.