Exam 2: Fundamentals of Data and Signals

The three basic components of analog and digital signals are: amplitude, frequency, and ____.

The data rate is measured in ____.

The ____ of a signal is the number of times a signal makes a complete cycle within a given time frame.

Unfortunately, noise itself occurs as a(n) ____ waveform, and this makes it challenging, if not extremely difficult, to separate noise from an analog waveform that represents data.

The simplest modulation technique is ____ shift keying.

The bandwidth of a telephone system that transmits a single voice in the range of 300 Hz to 3400 Hz is ____ Hz.

____ modulation, which is commonly employed in contemporary modems, uses each signal change to represent 4 bits.

By convention, the minimum and maximum values of analog data and signals are presented as voltages.

____ are discrete waveforms, rather than continuous waveforms.

Three important data codes are EBCDIC, ____, and Unicode.

The ____ is a government standard in the United States.

Because extraneous noise degrades original signals, an electronic device usually has a(n) ____________________ that is less than its bandwidth.

____ shift keying represents 0s and 1s by different changes in the phase of a waveform.

Tracking an analog waveform and converting it to pulses that represent the wave's height above (or below) a threshold is termed ____.

The ____________________, or time interval, of one cycle is called its period.

The Manchester encoding schemes solve the synchronization problem but are relatively inefficient because they have a baud rate that is ____ the bps.

The number of times a signal changes value per second is called the ____ rate.

The ____________________ of a signal is the absolute value of the difference between the lowest and highest frequencies.

A byte consists of 8 bits.

With ____, a codec tracks the incoming analog data by assessing up or down "steps."