Exam 21: Africa

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The stone ruins of the Great Zimbabwe have revealed items acquired in trade including beads and pottery from the Near East and China,as well as copper and gold not available locally.

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In Egypt, the image of Cleopatra embodies her rule as a powerful and influential queen. Cleopatra was known for her intelligence, charisma, and political acumen, and her image reflects her regal and commanding presence. She is often depicted wearing elaborate jewelry and clothing, symbolizing her wealth and status as a ruler.

In Rome, the image of Julius Caesar embodies his rule as a strong and authoritative leader. Julius Caesar is often depicted in statues and busts with a stern and determined expression, reflecting his reputation as a military conqueror and statesman. His image conveys a sense of power and authority, reflecting his role as a dominant figure in Roman history.

In sub-Saharan Africa, the image of Mansa Musa embodies his rule as a wealthy and influential ruler. Mansa Musa, the 14th-century emperor of the Mali Empire, is often depicted in traditional African art wearing elaborate robes and holding symbols of wealth and power, such as gold and precious gems. His image reflects his reputation as one of the richest individuals in history and his role as a patron of the arts and education in his empire.

Each of these rulers' images embodies their rule by conveying their power, influence, and status as leaders in their respective societies. Their images serve as visual representations of their authority and legacy, reflecting the values and ideals of their rule.

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Archer from Djenne (Figure 21-5).Ile-Ife statues were very naturalistic,whereas this figure is tall with an elongated head and prominent chin.