Question 1

A horizontal branch in an evolutionary tree indicates

Accepted Answer

A)  gradualism. 
B)  punctuated equilibrium. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  convergent evolution. 
E)  temporal isolation. 
A)  gradualism. 
B)  punctuated equilibrium. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  convergent evolution. 
E)  temporal isolation.

Question 2

An evolutionary tree depicts species' relationships based on descent from shared ancestors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The scientist given credit for devising the two-word naming system of all living organisms is

Accepted Answer

A)  Aristotle. 
B)  Charles Darwin. 
C)  Gregor Mendel. 
D)  Carolus Linnaeus. 
E)  Louis Pasteur. 
A)  Aristotle. 
B)  Charles Darwin. 
C)  Gregor Mendel. 
D)  Carolus Linnaeus. 
E)  Louis Pasteur.

Question 4

Some flowers bloom in the spring while others bloom in the summer.This is an example of ________ reproductive isolation.

Accepted Answer

A)  postzygotic 
B)  allopatric 
C)  sympatric 
D)  outgroup 
E)  prezygotic 
A)  postzygotic 
B)  allopatric 
C)  sympatric 
D)  outgroup 
E)  prezygotic

Question 5

The rate of background extinctions per year per million species is

Accepted Answer

A)  0.1 to 1.0 species. 
B)  0.001 to 0.01 species. 
C)  1.0 to 10 species. 
D)  10 to 100 species. 
E)  No answer is correct. 
A)  0.1 to 1.0 species. 
B)  0.001 to 0.01 species. 
C)  1.0 to 10 species. 
D)  10 to 100 species. 
E)  No answer is correct.

Question 6

Birds use specific songs,coloring,and mating dances to attract mates of their species.This is an example of ________ reproductive isolation.

Accepted Answer

A)  postzygotic 
B)  allopatric 
C)  prezygotic 
D)  sympatric 
E)  outgroup 
A)  postzygotic 
B)  allopatric 
C)  prezygotic 
D)  sympatric 
E)  outgroup

Question 7

A sterile mule is produced by mating a horse and a donkey.From this observation you could conclude

Accepted Answer

A)  that horses and donkeys are the same species. 
B)  that horses and donkeys are different species. 
C)  that mules are a result of macroevolution. 
D)  that increasing the number of mules in a population will affect the allele frequency in the next generation. 
E)  the DNA sequences of horses and donkeys are more than 97% identical. 
A)  that horses and donkeys are the same species. 
B)  that horses and donkeys are different species. 
C)  that mules are a result of macroevolution. 
D)  that increasing the number of mules in a population will affect the allele frequency in the next generation. 
E)  the DNA sequences of horses and donkeys are more than 97% identical.

Question 8

Humans are placed into what kingdom and domain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Animalia, Archaea 
B)  Chordata, Archaea 
C)  Archaea, Eukarya 
D)  Animalia, Eukarya 
E)  Archaea, Animalia 
A)  Animalia, Archaea 
B)  Chordata, Archaea 
C)  Archaea, Eukarya 
D)  Animalia, Eukarya 
E)  Archaea, Animalia

Question 9

The idea that evolution proceeds with long periods of stasis with relatively brief bursts of fast evolutionary change is

Accepted Answer

A)  temporal isolation. 
B)  mechanical isolation. 
C)  gradualism. 
D)  punctuated equilibrium. 
E)  hybrid breakdown. 
A)  temporal isolation. 
B)  mechanical isolation. 
C)  gradualism. 
D)  punctuated equilibrium. 
E)  hybrid breakdown.

Question 10

Postzygotic isolation barriers prevent

Accepted Answer

A)  a hybrid embryo from developing into a fertile adult. 
B)  fertilization. 
C)  male gametes from joining with female gametes. 
D)  formation of gametes by one of the parents. 
E)  All answers are correct. 
A)  a hybrid embryo from developing into a fertile adult. 
B)  fertilization. 
C)  male gametes from joining with female gametes. 
D)  formation of gametes by one of the parents. 
E)  All answers are correct.

Question 11

Scientists have a complete fossil record showing the evolution of horses over millions of years.The fossil record indicates the legs becomes longer and the teeth larger,as ancestors of the modern horse adapted from living in forest to grasslands.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  punctuated equilibrium. 
B)  extinction. 
C)  a postzygotic barrier to evolution. 
D)  gradualism. 
E)  a prezygotic barrier to evolution. 
A)  punctuated equilibrium. 
B)  extinction. 
C)  a postzygotic barrier to evolution. 
D)  gradualism. 
E)  a prezygotic barrier to evolution.

Question 12

Three species of tigers have become extinct due to overharvesting or habitat destruction.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  mass extinction. 
B)  background extinction rate. 
C)  sympatric speciation. 
D)  increased extinction rate by human activity. 
E)  allopatric speciation. 
A)  mass extinction. 
B)  background extinction rate. 
C)  sympatric speciation. 
D)  increased extinction rate by human activity. 
E)  allopatric speciation.

Question 13

Conservation biologists are often concerned that when the population size of an endangered species becomes too small it is at risk of extinction.What is the basis of their concern?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can no longer evolve. 
B)  Their rate of breeding will decline. 
C)  They may be more susceptible to changes in the environment or disease. 
D)  They are at risk of sympatric isolation. 
E)  They are at risk of developing prezygotic barriers to reproduction. 
A)  They can no longer evolve. 
B)  Their rate of breeding will decline. 
C)  They may be more susceptible to changes in the environment or disease. 
D)  They are at risk of sympatric isolation. 
E)  They are at risk of developing prezygotic barriers to reproduction.

Question 14

Bacteria are not defined as species when applying the biological species concept.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following is not an example of microevolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics 
B)  HIV evolving from chimpanzees 
C)  insects becoming resistant to pesticides 
D)  staph infections not responding to medicines 
E)  All of the answer choices are examples of microevolution. 
A)  bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics 
B)  HIV evolving from chimpanzees 
C)  insects becoming resistant to pesticides 
D)  staph infections not responding to medicines 
E)  All of the answer choices are examples of microevolution.

Question 16

The more heritable traits organisms share,the more taxonomic levels they share.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Mules are a defined species because they produce fertile offspring when mated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

If a sheep and goat are bred,their offspring would die as an embryo.This is an example of ________ reproductive isolation.

Accepted Answer

A)  prezygotic 
B)  allopatric 
C)  sympatric 
D)  postzygotic 
E)  outgroup 
A)  prezygotic 
B)  allopatric 
C)  sympatric 
D)  postzygotic 
E)  outgroup

Question 19

If you saw two populations of a species of snail,separated by a water-filled valley that they could not cross,you might eventually expect to see speciation due to

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanical isolation. 
B)  habitat isolation. 
C)  hybrid inviability. 
D)  behavioral isolation. 
E)  temporal isolation. 
A)  mechanical isolation. 
B)  habitat isolation. 
C)  hybrid inviability. 
D)  behavioral isolation. 
E)  temporal isolation.

Question 20

If you observed that the sperm of a bull could not fuse in a lab dish with the eggs of a cow,you would say that the bull and the cow showed

Accepted Answer

A)  hybrid inviability. 
B)  gametic isolation. 
C)  temporal isolation. 
D)  hybrid infertility. 
E)  ecological isolation. 
A)  hybrid inviability. 
B)  gametic isolation. 
C)  temporal isolation. 
D)  hybrid infertility. 
E)  ecological isolation.

Exam 14: Speciation and Extinction

A horizontal branch in an evolutionary tree indicates

An evolutionary tree depicts species' relationships based on descent from shared ancestors.

The scientist given credit for devising the two-word naming system of all living organisms is

Some flowers bloom in the spring while others bloom in the summer.This is an example of ________ reproductive isolation.

The rate of background extinctions per year per million species is

Birds use specific songs,coloring,and mating dances to attract mates of their species.This is an example of ________ reproductive isolation.

A sterile mule is produced by mating a horse and a donkey.From this observation you could conclude

Humans are placed into what kingdom and domain?

The idea that evolution proceeds with long periods of stasis with relatively brief bursts of fast evolutionary change is

Postzygotic isolation barriers prevent

Scientists have a complete fossil record showing the evolution of horses over millions of years.The fossil record indicates the legs becomes longer and the teeth larger,as ancestors of the modern horse adapted from living in forest to grasslands.This is an example of

Three species of tigers have become extinct due to overharvesting or habitat destruction.This is an example of

Conservation biologists are often concerned that when the population size of an endangered species becomes too small it is at risk of extinction.What is the basis of their concern?

Bacteria are not defined as species when applying the biological species concept.

Which of the following is not an example of microevolution?

The more heritable traits organisms share,the more taxonomic levels they share.

Mules are a defined species because they produce fertile offspring when mated.

If a sheep and goat are bred,their offspring would die as an embryo.This is an example of ________ reproductive isolation.

If you saw two populations of a species of snail,separated by a water-filled valley that they could not cross,you might eventually expect to see speciation due to

If you observed that the sperm of a bull could not fuse in a lab dish with the eggs of a cow,you would say that the bull and the cow showed

The Scientific Study of Life

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Reproduction and Development of Flowering Plants

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