Exam 1: The Nature of Science

Bats use echolocation to orient themselves and locate objects.Doing this requires special adaptations in their inner ear,midbrain,and auditory cortex of their cerebrum.The echolocation system of bats is an example of a(n)

Read each statement and identify whether the statement is a scientific fact,a scientific theory,or an opinion.Choices may be used more than once or not at all. Dead mice within a cave where bats are infected with white-nose syndrome (WNS) have white fuzz on their noses that appears to be similar to the white fuzz seen on the noses of bats ill with WNS. A researcher hypothesizes that mice are also susceptible to WNS when they live in close contact with infected bats. To test this hypothesis, the researcher captures 50 healthy mice and randomly separates them into two groups. One group is housed in an area that contains healthy bats. The other group of mice is housed in an enclosure that contains bats that have WNS. The mice in both groups are monitored for signs of WNS. -Presence or absence of WNS in the bats.

New medications undergo extensive human testing before receiving FDA approval. These tests represent an experiment, and variations in the dosage given to participants represents the

Whenever we ________,we are proceeding scientifically.

Scientists are human beings and,like all human beings,are susceptible to personal and group biases that may influence how they interpret evidence.Before original research work is accepted and added to a growing body of scientific understanding,perhaps even contributing to our understanding of an important scientific theory,it must be scrutinized by experts in the field who have no direct connection to the research under review.The main mechanism for doing this is

Victoria, who is 10 years old, wants to be a zoologist when she grows up because she loves animals. So, she decided to begin her training by “doing something scientific.” Specifically, she weighed and measured the lengths of all the earthworms she could find in her yard and recorded the data in a notebook. She then made a graph showing the maximum, minimum, and average weights and heights of the earthworms. Was she doing something scientific?

A group of researchers conducted an experiment and collected the data presented in the graph below.The graph shows that the hypothesis was ________ because all members of the control group ________ while most of the members of both treatment groups ________ by the end of the study.

During an experimental study,a control group is maintained under a standard set of conditions with no change in the independent variable.The ________ group is maintained under the same standard set of conditions as the control group,but the independent variable is adjusted.

A patient is coughing and producing a wheezing sound as she breathes; she also has a fever.She goes to the doctor who listens to her chest,takes X-rays of her chest,and determines that she probably has something called croup.Which of the following are the facts in this scenario?

What is the MOST likely explanation for why all living organisms use the same genetic code stored in DNA?

Once supported by a predictable experimental outcome,a scientific hypothesis

The information presented in the following figure represents a scientific

The first two steps of the scientific process typically include making ________ and forming a ________.

Match each term describing a level of biological hierarchy with its proper description.Terms may be used more than once or not at all. -The physical environment,especially the climate,and the organisms that live in deserts throughout the world make up a(n)________.

DNA is one of the features common to all known forms of life; it

The genetic material used for reproduction by those organisms conventionally considered to be living is ________.

People who exercise regularly have a lower average resting heart rate and blood pressure than people who do not exercise.Given this observation,develop a hypothesis and provide one prediction relating to that hypothesis.

Describe the main mechanism used to reduce researcher bias,or even prevent fraud,in science.

Match the correct terms with the sentences below. -Design ________ of the predictions of your hypothesis.

A way to visualize the breadth and scope of life,from the smallest structures of atoms and cells to the broadest interactions between living and nonliving systems that we can comprehend,is typically referred to as the biological ________.