Question 1

Identify three of the lower-class focal concerns proposed by Walter Miller.

Accepted Answer

Possibilities: Trouble; toughness; smartness; excitement; fate; autonomy.

Question 2

Structural theorists are interested in seeking the social causes of crime rates,rather than why particular individuals commit crime.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

_____ exists in small,isolated,and self-sufficient pre-state societies in which individuals share common values and develops strong emotional ties to the collectivity.

Accepted Answer

A)  Organic solidarity 
B)  Mechanical solidarity 
C)  Natural solidarity 
D)  Communal solidarity 
A)  Organic solidarity 
B)  Mechanical solidarity 
C)  Natural solidarity 
D)  Communal solidarity B

Question 4

Explain social disorganization theory,and identify its strengths,weaknesses,and policy implications.

Accepted Answer

Social disorganization theory is a crimi

Question 5

The first criminological tradition to be developed in the United States was the Chicago school of human ecology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following is a gang function for many of its members?

Accepted Answer

A)  Family 
B)  Protective Agency 
C)  Educational institution 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Family 
B)  Protective Agency 
C)  Educational institution 
D)  All of the above

Question 7

The concept of negative emotions is central to which theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Differential opportunity theory 
B)  Focal concerns theory 
C)  General strain theory 
D)  Institutional anomie theory 
A)  Differential opportunity theory 
B)  Focal concerns theory 
C)  General strain theory 
D)  Institutional anomie theory

Question 8

According to Cloward and Ohlin,individuals who are born into an established and organized delinquent subculture join_____ gangs.

Accepted Answer

A)  Conflict 
B)  Criminal 
C)  Organized 
D)  Retreatist 
A)  Conflict 
B)  Criminal 
C)  Organized 
D)  Retreatist

Question 9

Even though Johnny realizes that he will never reach the economic and occupational success of which he once dreamed,he continues to go to work each day and diligently complete the tasks assigned to him.This is most consistent with which form of adaptation in Merton's theory of anomie/strain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conformity 
B)  Innovation 
C)  Retreatism 
D)  Ritualism 
A)  Conformity 
B)  Innovation 
C)  Retreatism 
D)  Ritualism

Question 10

Identify and describe two modes of adaptation from Merton's strain theory.

Accepted Answer

Examples: Conformity (acceptance of goal

Question 11

Identify the theorist(s)known for suggesting that crime is a normal and inevitable social phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

A)  Shaw and McKay 
B)  Durkheim 
C)  Merton 
D)  Cloward and Ohlin 
A)  Shaw and McKay 
B)  Durkheim 
C)  Merton 
D)  Cloward and Ohlin

Question 12

What is "social disorganization"?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of the

Question 13

Walter Miller's theory of focal concerns was based on the premise that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Access to illegitimate opportunities varies along with access to legitimate opportunities. 
B)  American culture is inherently criminogenic due to the value placed on economic success. 
C)  Lower-class individuals form counter-cultural beliefs in reaction to their status deprivation. 
D)  Lower-class values must be viewed on their own terms, not as negations of the middle class. 
A)  Access to illegitimate opportunities varies along with access to legitimate opportunities. 
B)  American culture is inherently criminogenic due to the value placed on economic success. 
C)  Lower-class individuals form counter-cultural beliefs in reaction to their status deprivation. 
D)  Lower-class values must be viewed on their own terms, not as negations of the middle class.

Question 14

Identify the theorist(s)known for positing that just as there are barriers to achieving legitimate success,there are also barriers to achieving illegitimate success.

Accepted Answer

A)  Shaw and McKay 
B)  Durkheim 
C)  Merton 
D)  Cloward and Ohlin 
A)  Shaw and McKay 
B)  Durkheim 
C)  Merton 
D)  Cloward and Ohlin

Question 15

A high school student steals money from a classmate's locker.How would institutional anomie theory account for this crime?

Accepted Answer

A)  The offender must have come from a community that lacked informal social controls. 
B)  The offender engaged in innovation to reach a legitimate goal through illegitimate means. 
C)  The offender was influenced by America's strong cultural emphasis on economic success. 
D)  The offender did not have coping mechanisms in place to adequately deal with their negative emotions. 
A)  The offender must have come from a community that lacked informal social controls. 
B)  The offender engaged in innovation to reach a legitimate goal through illegitimate means. 
C)  The offender was influenced by America's strong cultural emphasis on economic success. 
D)  The offender did not have coping mechanisms in place to adequately deal with their negative emotions.

Question 16

The main argument of "opportunity structure theory" is that crime is inherent to the values of American culture.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

What is "collective efficacy"?

Accepted Answer

The shared power of a group of

Question 18

Durkheim argued that crime is normal,inevitable,and socially useful.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

_____ refers to the breakdown of the power of informal community rules to regulate conduct.

Accepted Answer

A)  Social conflict 
B)  Social disorganization 
C)  Social turmoil 
D)  Social ecology 
A)  Social conflict 
B)  Social disorganization 
C)  Social turmoil 
D)  Social ecology

Question 20

Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory is part of which theoretical tradition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Human Ecology 
B)  Life Course 
C)  Social Process 
D)  Subculture 
A)  Human Ecology 
B)  Life Course 
C)  Social Process 
D)  Subculture

Identify three of the lower-class focal concerns proposed by Walter Miller.

Structural theorists are interested in seeking the social causes of crime rates,rather than why particular individuals commit crime.

_____ exists in small,isolated,and self-sufficient pre-state societies in which individuals share common values and develops strong emotional ties to the collectivity.

Explain social disorganization theory,and identify its strengths,weaknesses,and policy implications.

The first criminological tradition to be developed in the United States was the Chicago school of human ecology.

Which of the following is a gang function for many of its members?

The concept of negative emotions is central to which theory?

According to Cloward and Ohlin,individuals who are born into an established and organized delinquent subculture join_____ gangs.

Even though Johnny realizes that he will never reach the economic and occupational success of which he once dreamed,he continues to go to work each day and diligently complete the tasks assigned to him.This is most consistent with which form of adaptation in Merton's theory of anomie/strain?

Identify and describe two modes of adaptation from Merton's strain theory.

Identify the theorist(s)known for suggesting that crime is a normal and inevitable social phenomenon.

What is "social disorganization"?

Walter Miller's theory of focal concerns was based on the premise that:

Identify the theorist(s)known for positing that just as there are barriers to achieving legitimate success,there are also barriers to achieving illegitimate success.

A high school student steals money from a classmate's locker.How would institutional anomie theory account for this crime?

The main argument of "opportunity structure theory" is that crime is inherent to the values of American culture.

What is "collective efficacy"?

Durkheim argued that crime is normal,inevitable,and socially useful.

_____ refers to the breakdown of the power of informal community rules to regulate conduct.

Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory is part of which theoretical tradition?

Introduction and Overview of Crime and Criminology

Measuring Crime and Criminal Behavior

The Early Schools of Criminology and Modern Counterparts

Social Process Theories

Critical Theories: Marxist, Conflict, and Feminist

Psychosocial Theories: Individual Traits and Criminal Behavior

Biosocial Approaches

Developmental Theories: From Delinquency to Crime to Desistance

Violent Crimes

Property Crimes

A: Multiple Murder and Terrorism

Public Order Crime

White-Collar and Organized Crime

Victimology: Exploring the Experience of Victimization

Filters

Exam 4: Social Structural Theories

Identify three of the lower-class focal concerns proposed by Walter Miller.

Structural theorists are interested in seeking the social causes of crime rates,rather than why particular individuals commit crime.

_____ exists in small,isolated,and self-sufficient pre-state societies in which individuals share common values and develops strong emotional ties to the collectivity.

Explain social disorganization theory,and identify its strengths,weaknesses,and policy implications.

The first criminological tradition to be developed in the United States was the Chicago school of human ecology.

Which of the following is a gang function for many of its members?

The concept of negative emotions is central to which theory?

According to Cloward and Ohlin,individuals who are born into an established and organized delinquent subculture join_____ gangs.

Even though Johnny realizes that he will never reach the economic and occupational success of which he once dreamed,he continues to go to work each day and diligently complete the tasks assigned to him.This is most consistent with which form of adaptation in Merton's theory of anomie/strain?

Identify and describe two modes of adaptation from Merton's strain theory.

Identify the theorist(s)known for suggesting that crime is a normal and inevitable social phenomenon.

What is "social disorganization"?

Walter Miller's theory of focal concerns was based on the premise that:

Identify the theorist(s)known for positing that just as there are barriers to achieving legitimate success,there are also barriers to achieving illegitimate success.

A high school student steals money from a classmate's locker.How would institutional anomie theory account for this crime?

The main argument of "opportunity structure theory" is that crime is inherent to the values of American culture.

What is "collective efficacy"?

Durkheim argued that crime is normal,inevitable,and socially useful.

_____ refers to the breakdown of the power of informal community rules to regulate conduct.

Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory is part of which theoretical tradition?

Introduction and Overview of Crime and Criminology

Measuring Crime and Criminal Behavior

The Early Schools of Criminology and Modern Counterparts

Social Process Theories

Critical Theories: Marxist, Conflict, and Feminist

Psychosocial Theories: Individual Traits and Criminal Behavior

Biosocial Approaches

Developmental Theories: From Delinquency to Crime to Desistance

Violent Crimes

Property Crimes

A: Multiple Murder and Terrorism

Public Order Crime

White-Collar and Organized Crime

Victimology: Exploring the Experience of Victimization

Filters