Question 1

What is one of the principal reasons people turn to deviant behavior in the United States according to the structural strain theory of deviance as articulated by Robert Merton?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are a lot of people with inborn antisocial tendencies. 
B)  American society is very lax in enforcing laws. 
C)  The media sensationalizes deviant behavior, which is why it becomes increasingly attractive to young people. 
D)  The goal of success is shared by a majority of people, but not everyone has equal means for achieving that goal. 
A)  There are a lot of people with inborn antisocial tendencies. 
B)  American society is very lax in enforcing laws. 
C)  The media sensationalizes deviant behavior, which is why it becomes increasingly attractive to young people. 
D)  The goal of success is shared by a majority of people, but not everyone has equal means for achieving that goal.

Question 2

Throughout history,prison has been the most common means of punishment for criminals and deviants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

A person arrived at a company party dressed in a bunny costume only to discover that the party was not a costume party.Although he had been tricked by a co-worker,from then on everyone saw him as crazy and eccentric and eventually he came to think of himself in this way too.The initial mistake at the party is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a stigma. 
B)  primary deviance. 
C)  a self-fulfilling prophecy. 
D)  tertiary deviation. 
A)  a stigma. 
B)  primary deviance. 
C)  a self-fulfilling prophecy. 
D)  tertiary deviation.

Question 4

According to labeling theory,why were none of the pseudo-patients in David Rosenhan's "On Being Sane in Insane Places" discovered?

Accepted Answer

A)  They all were mentally ill, at least to some extent. 
B)  They were too "clean-cut" to be considered mentally ill. 
C)  They were well coached in the symptoms real patients would experience. 
D)  It is difficult for anyone to see past the label once a person has been labeled
"mentally ill." 
A)  They all were mentally ill, at least to some extent. 
B)  They were too "clean-cut" to be considered mentally ill. 
C)  They were well coached in the symptoms real patients would experience. 
D)  It is difficult for anyone to see past the label once a person has been labeled
"mentally ill."

Question 5

What is one reason imprisonment was such a rare type of punishment before the nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

A)  Earlier societies did not have sufficient resources to operate prisons. 
B)  Earlier societies believed physical punishments such as branding would better deter future crimes. 
C)  Earlier societies were crueler and, therefore, more accepting of harsh physical punishment. 
D)  Earlier societies believed punishments like shunning and banishment were more humane. 
A)  Earlier societies did not have sufficient resources to operate prisons. 
B)  Earlier societies believed physical punishments such as branding would better deter future crimes. 
C)  Earlier societies were crueler and, therefore, more accepting of harsh physical punishment. 
D)  Earlier societies believed punishments like shunning and banishment were more humane.

Question 6

Construction crews are constantly annoyed at the way people,mostly teenage boys,steal orange cones and flashing pylons that mark construction zones.According to Jack Katz,why does this sort of deviance happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  The thieves find these items aesthetically appealing, but they do not know where to buy them. 
B)  The thieves are afflicted with a psychological disorder like kleptomania, which compels them to steal. 
C)  The thieves are usually planning on reselling the materials on the black market. 
D)  This sort of deviance produces a rush of energy and excitement. 
A)  The thieves find these items aesthetically appealing, but they do not know where to buy them. 
B)  The thieves are afflicted with a psychological disorder like kleptomania, which compels them to steal. 
C)  The thieves are usually planning on reselling the materials on the black market. 
D)  This sort of deviance produces a rush of energy and excitement.

Question 7

Most sociological studies of deviance focus on elements of an individual's background that would predispose him or her to act in deviant ways.What is the key problem with such an approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  It cannot explain why some people with very similar backgrounds act differently. 
B)  It requires a great deal of statistical analysis. 
C)  It focuses too much on the emotional appeal of certain types of crime. 
D)  It requires psychiatric evaluations. 
A)  It cannot explain why some people with very similar backgrounds act differently. 
B)  It requires a great deal of statistical analysis. 
C)  It focuses too much on the emotional appeal of certain types of crime. 
D)  It requires psychiatric evaluations.

Question 8

What is positive deviance? How does its existence support the functionalist perspective?

Accepted Answer

Positive deviance is a principled act th

Question 9

Which of the following would sociologists consider the best definition of deviance?

Accepted Answer

A)  actions that are harmful to society 
B)  violations of social norms 
C)  criminal activities 
D)  immoral or unethical behaviors 
A)  actions that are harmful to society 
B)  violations of social norms 
C)  criminal activities 
D)  immoral or unethical behaviors

Question 10

Why do functional theorists suggest that deviance helps to clarify moral boundaries and affirm social norms?

Accepted Answer

Deviance reminds us of what we consider

Question 11

Given Jack Katz's theory of crime,what do you think would be the best subtitle for his book The Seductions of Crime?

Accepted Answer

A)  The World of the New Urban Poor 
B)  Social Structure and Anomie 
C)  Attractions of "Doing" Deviance 
D)  The Careers of Persistent Thieves 
A)  The World of the New Urban Poor 
B)  Social Structure and Anomie 
C)  Attractions of "Doing" Deviance 
D)  The Careers of Persistent Thieves

Question 12

What must behavior,trait,or belief do in order to be considered deviant?

Accepted Answer

A)  inspire feelings of revulsion or disgust 
B)  depart from a norm and generate a negative reaction 
C)  cause harm or injury to someone 
D)  violate a law 
A)  inspire feelings of revulsion or disgust 
B)  depart from a norm and generate a negative reaction 
C)  cause harm or injury to someone 
D)  violate a law

Question 13

What does the sociologist Jack Katz think sociologists should study when trying to understand deviance instead of solely examining background factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  the deviant's own experience of committing a deviant act 
B)  the correlation between deviance and poverty 
C)  the way deviance tends to be handed down through generations 
D)  the role poverty plays in encouraging deviance 
A)  the deviant's own experience of committing a deviant act 
B)  the correlation between deviance and poverty 
C)  the way deviance tends to be handed down through generations 
D)  the role poverty plays in encouraging deviance

Question 14

Which theory suggests crimes committed by the upper classes are typically treated more leniently than crimes committed by the lower classes because laws represent the interests of those in power?

Accepted Answer

A)  differential association theory 
B)  conflict theory 
C)  principled deviance 
D)  functionalist theory 
A)  differential association theory 
B)  conflict theory 
C)  principled deviance 
D)  functionalist theory

Question 15

Why might teenagers shoplift according to Jack Katz's Seductions of Crime?

Accepted Answer

A)  They feel strain between their means and the goals society tells them are desirable. 
B)  They want the thrill of getting away with breaking the rules. 
C)  They come from a low socioeconomic class. 
D)  Young people are inherently predisposed to crime. 
A)  They feel strain between their means and the goals society tells them are desirable. 
B)  They want the thrill of getting away with breaking the rules. 
C)  They come from a low socioeconomic class. 
D)  Young people are inherently predisposed to crime.

Question 16

A man's computer is hacked; by stealing his identity,the hacker is able to steal money from the man's bank account.The man is a victim of

Accepted Answer

A)  property crime. 
B)  violent crime. 
C)  cyberbullying. 
D)  cybercrime. 
A)  property crime. 
B)  violent crime. 
C)  cyberbullying. 
D)  cybercrime.

Question 17

Some subcultures have adopted branding as a form of body art,though it is no longer used as a form of punishment in the United States.This demonstrates that

Accepted Answer

A)  what is considered deviant changes over time. 
B)  many people find punishment desirable. 
C)  some acts are simply inherently deviant. 
D)  deviant acts of the past eventually become mainstream acts of the future. 
A)  what is considered deviant changes over time. 
B)  many people find punishment desirable. 
C)  some acts are simply inherently deviant. 
D)  deviant acts of the past eventually become mainstream acts of the future.

Question 18

Some light-skinned African Americans have attempted to pass as white due to stigmatization.What is the process of passing and what was the historical motivation for African Americans to pass as white?

Accepted Answer

African Americans were often stigmatized

Question 19

According to Howard Becker,there are no inherently deviant acts,only societal reactions to acts that make them deviant.Describe an instance in which one person could be seen as a hero and another person could be labeled a criminal,even though they are engaging in the same behavior.

Accepted Answer

Answers may vary.One possible answer is

Question 20

A man tries to find unconventional and even illegal ways of making money.Into what category does this fit according to Robert Merton's typology?

Accepted Answer

A)  ritualism 
B)  rebellion 
C)  innovation 
D)  retreatism 
A)  ritualism 
B)  rebellion 
C)  innovation 
D)  retreatism

What is one of the principal reasons people turn to deviant behavior in the United States according to the structural strain theory of deviance as articulated by Robert Merton?

Throughout history,prison has been the most common means of punishment for criminals and deviants.

According to labeling theory,why were none of the pseudo-patients in David Rosenhan's "On Being Sane in Insane Places" discovered?

What is one reason imprisonment was such a rare type of punishment before the nineteenth century?

Construction crews are constantly annoyed at the way people,mostly teenage boys,steal orange cones and flashing pylons that mark construction zones.According to Jack Katz,why does this sort of deviance happen?

Most sociological studies of deviance focus on elements of an individual's background that would predispose him or her to act in deviant ways.What is the key problem with such an approach?

What is positive deviance? How does its existence support the functionalist perspective?

Which of the following would sociologists consider the best definition of deviance?

Why do functional theorists suggest that deviance helps to clarify moral boundaries and affirm social norms?

Given Jack Katz's theory of crime,what do you think would be the best subtitle for his book The Seductions of Crime?

What must behavior,trait,or belief do in order to be considered deviant?

What does the sociologist Jack Katz think sociologists should study when trying to understand deviance instead of solely examining background factors?

Which theory suggests crimes committed by the upper classes are typically treated more leniently than crimes committed by the lower classes because laws represent the interests of those in power?

Why might teenagers shoplift according to Jack Katz's Seductions of Crime?

A man's computer is hacked; by stealing his identity,the hacker is able to steal money from the man's bank account.The man is a victim of

Some subcultures have adopted branding as a form of body art,though it is no longer used as a form of punishment in the United States.This demonstrates that

Some light-skinned African Americans have attempted to pass as white due to stigmatization.What is the process of passing and what was the historical motivation for African Americans to pass as white?

According to Howard Becker,there are no inherently deviant acts,only societal reactions to acts that make them deviant.Describe an instance in which one person could be seen as a hero and another person could be labeled a criminal,even though they are engaging in the same behavior.

A man tries to find unconventional and even illegal ways of making money.Into what category does this fit according to Robert Merton's typology?

Sociology and the Real World

Studying Social Life: Sociology Research Methods

Culture

Socialization,Interaction,and the Self

Separate and Together: Life in Group

Social Class: The Structure of Inequalit

Race and Ethnicity As Lived Experience

Constructing Gender and Sexuality

Social Institutions: Politics,Education,and Religion

The Economy and Work

Life at Home: Families and Relationships

Leisure and Media

Health and Illness

Populations,Cities,and the Environment

Social Change

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Exam 6: Deviance

What is one of the principal reasons people turn to deviant behavior in the United States according to the structural strain theory of deviance as articulated by Robert Merton?

Throughout history,prison has been the most common means of punishment for criminals and deviants.

According to labeling theory,why were none of the pseudo-patients in David Rosenhan's "On Being Sane in Insane Places" discovered?

What is one reason imprisonment was such a rare type of punishment before the nineteenth century?

Construction crews are constantly annoyed at the way people,mostly teenage boys,steal orange cones and flashing pylons that mark construction zones.According to Jack Katz,why does this sort of deviance happen?

Most sociological studies of deviance focus on elements of an individual's background that would predispose him or her to act in deviant ways.What is the key problem with such an approach?

What is positive deviance? How does its existence support the functionalist perspective?

Which of the following would sociologists consider the best definition of deviance?

Why do functional theorists suggest that deviance helps to clarify moral boundaries and affirm social norms?

Given Jack Katz's theory of crime,what do you think would be the best subtitle for his book The Seductions of Crime?

What must behavior,trait,or belief do in order to be considered deviant?

What does the sociologist Jack Katz think sociologists should study when trying to understand deviance instead of solely examining background factors?

Which theory suggests crimes committed by the upper classes are typically treated more leniently than crimes committed by the lower classes because laws represent the interests of those in power?

Why might teenagers shoplift according to Jack Katz's Seductions of Crime?

A man's computer is hacked; by stealing his identity,the hacker is able to steal money from the man's bank account.The man is a victim of

Some subcultures have adopted branding as a form of body art,though it is no longer used as a form of punishment in the United States.This demonstrates that

Some light-skinned African Americans have attempted to pass as white due to stigmatization.What is the process of passing and what was the historical motivation for African Americans to pass as white?

According to Howard Becker,there are no inherently deviant acts,only societal reactions to acts that make them deviant.Describe an instance in which one person could be seen as a hero and another person could be labeled a criminal,even though they are engaging in the same behavior.

A man tries to find unconventional and even illegal ways of making money.Into what category does this fit according to Robert Merton's typology?

Sociology and the Real World

Studying Social Life: Sociology Research Methods

Culture

Socialization,Interaction,and the Self

Separate and Together: Life in Group

Social Class: The Structure of Inequalit

Race and Ethnicity As Lived Experience

Constructing Gender and Sexuality

Social Institutions: Politics,Education,and Religion

The Economy and Work

Life at Home: Families and Relationships

Leisure and Media

Health and Illness

Populations,Cities,and the Environment

Social Change

Filters