Exam 9: Visual Attention

Peter is shown a photograph of a man standing in a garden holding an orange.He is then shown an identical photograph, except that the man is holding an apple, not an orange.Peter does not detect a difference.This type of experiment demonstrates which phenomenon?

What is the name for the neural system, located primarily in the parietal lobe, that allows us to engage in visual search and direct our visual attention to different locations in visual space?

A phenomenon that occurs when a separate image is presented to each eye is known as ______.

Zaid searches for a green ball among green squares and orange balls.This is an example of a ______ search.

The process of attending to multiple sources of information is known as ______.

Orienting attention network is a neural system, located primarily in the temporal lobe, that allows us to engage in sustained attention or alertness.

Hemifield neglect or unilateral visual neglect is a condition in which a person fails to attend to stimuli on one side of the visual world (usually the left) as a consequence of neurological damage to the posterior parietal lobe.

Conjunction search is the search for a target in which the target is specified by a combination of features.

What is the name for the neural system that focuses on attention as the inhibition of habitual responses and the top-down control of attention, found in the frontal lobe?

Mack and Rock (1998) asked participants to maintain fixation on a central point.They then saw a large cross somewhere in the parafoveal region.The participants' task was to determine if the horizontal or vertical lines of the cross were larger.The researchers found that ______.

A basketball player has dribbled the ball so often that she doesn't have to think about it and instead can focus on where to pass the ball.The player dribbling the ball is an example of automaticity.

In Simons and Chabris's (1999) experiment, participants are focused on a challenging perceptual task, counting the white team's basketball passes while ignoring the black team's basketball passes.Because of the challenging nature of the task, ______.

The difficulty we experience in detecting differences between two visual stimuli that are identical except for one or more changes to the image is known as ______.

Richards et al.(2010) compared infants who were alert and those who were not (i.e., sleepy).They also compared infants at 4, 5, and 7 months of age in an oddball paradigm.They found that ______.

In the Posner cueing paradigm, participants attend to cues that indicate to which side a light will occur.However, the participant must maintain fixation at the central point.The goal of this study is to determine if ______.

Lana searches for a green marble in a bunch of red marbles.Except for its color, the green marble is identical to the red ones.This is an example of a(n) ______ search.

Anderson, Laurent, and Yantis (2013) conducted an experiment in which they paired particular colored stimuli with specific amounts of monetary reward.The participants learned to associate these stimuli with the particular rewards that occurred.The researchers found that ______.

At a library circulation desk, Daniela checks out materials while answering the telephone.This example shows ______.

Visual attention cannot be covert--attention is synonymous with the direction of gaze.

Simons and Levin (1997) conducted an experiment in which participants were asked directions by an experimenter.When the participant started giving directions, two other experimenters, posing as construction workers, passed by carrying a detached door.The construction workers passed between the experimenter who had asked for directions and the participant.What happened next?