Exam 15: Parasitism and Mutualism

A lichen is a symbiotic mutualism between a fungus and an alga.

Describe one pre-infection and two post-infection responses that animal hosts might have to parasites.

Mycorrhizae are nitrogen-fixing bacteria living within the roots of certain tropical trees.

An immune response is triggered when a foreign object, such as a virus or bacteria, enters the bloodstream.

Which of the following is a microparasite?

After infection occurs, the first line of defence for a host against a parasite is the ________ response.

Symbiotic mutualisms usually involve the exchange of services such as pollination or seed dispersal.

What is the difference between parasitism and mutualism?

Discuss how the production and dispersal of seeds by plants may represent a mutualism between two species.

Explain the potential benefit to a plant of having either ants or fungi living in its tissues.

A relationship between two species in which both species benefit is called ________.

How might a plant respond to invasion by a fungal or bacterial parasite?

A ________ lives on or within the host organism for some period of its life.

Relatively small parasites, such as viruses, bacteria, and protozoans, are referred to as ________-parasites.

Zooxanthellae are algae living within the tissues of reef-forming corals.

Parasites are always transmitted between hosts via an intermediate vector organism.

Animal parasites can be either ecto- or endoparasites, whereas all plant parasites live inside the plant tissue as endoparasites.

Describe the relationship between mycorrhizal associations with Cerastium and pollination as identified in the Cahill and Elle studies.

The most debilitating external parasites of birds and mammals are spread by

Hemiparasites are plants that do not conduct photosynthesis because they obtain water and nutrients from another host plant.