Question 1

The hydrolysis of a protein into amino acids is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  anabolism. 
B)  catabolism. 
C)  lithotrophy. 
D)  nitrogen fixation. 
A)  anabolism. 
B)  catabolism. 
C)  lithotrophy. 
D)  nitrogen fixation. B

Question 2

If Fe³⁺ is the final electron acceptor at the end of an electron transport system,the waste product is ________.

Accepted Answer

Fe²⁺

Question 3

Starting with one glucose molecule,the products of glycolysis include

Accepted Answer

A)  1 pyruvate, 2 net ATP, and 2 NADPH. 
B)  1 pyruvate, 4 net ATP, and 2 NADH. 
C)  2 pyruvate, 4 net ATP, and 4 NADH. 
D)  2 pyruvate, 2 net ATP, and 2 NADH. 
A)  1 pyruvate, 2 net ATP, and 2 NADPH. 
B)  1 pyruvate, 4 net ATP, and 2 NADH. 
C)  2 pyruvate, 4 net ATP, and 4 NADH. 
D)  2 pyruvate, 2 net ATP, and 2 NADH. D

Question 4

Which metabolic pathway is shown here?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calvin cycle 
B)  glycolysis 
C)  oxidative phosphorylation 
D)  tricarboxylic acid cycle 
A)  Calvin cycle 
B)  glycolysis 
C)  oxidative phosphorylation 
D)  tricarboxylic acid cycle

Question 5

A metabolic reaction can only provide energy to cells if

Accepted Answer

A)  DG is negative. 
B)  DG is positive. 
C)  DS is negative. 
D)  DS is positive. 
A)  DG is negative. 
B)  DG is positive. 
C)  DS is negative. 
D)  DS is positive.

Question 6

Which of the following is a benefit to humans of the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  It releases oxygen into the atmosphere, which humans require for aerobic respiration. 
B)  It creates biomass, which is the basis for food chains. 
C)  It synthesizes antibiotics that can help combat emerging pathogens. 
D)  It reduces nitrogen, eliminating the need for expensive fertilizers. 
A)  It releases oxygen into the atmosphere, which humans require for aerobic respiration. 
B)  It creates biomass, which is the basis for food chains. 
C)  It synthesizes antibiotics that can help combat emerging pathogens. 
D)  It reduces nitrogen, eliminating the need for expensive fertilizers.

Question 7

What catabolite is produced first from the catabolism of starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetyl-CoA 
B)  amino acids 
C)  glucose 
D)  glycerol 
A)  acetyl-CoA 
B)  amino acids 
C)  glucose 
D)  glycerol

Question 8

Which of the pathways below are in the correct order for the flow of electrons from glucose to oxygen in aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis, ETS, TCA 
B)  glycolysis, fermentation, TCA 
C)  TCA, glycolysis, ETS 
D)  glycolysis, TCA, ETS 
A)  glycolysis, ETS, TCA 
B)  glycolysis, fermentation, TCA 
C)  TCA, glycolysis, ETS 
D)  glycolysis, TCA, ETS

Question 9

A bacterial electron transport system (ETS)is depicted.If the quinone pool were artificially depleted,what are the expected consequences?

Accepted Answer

A)  a buildup of NADH and increased H₂O production 
B)  a buildup of NADH and decreased H₂O production 
C)  a buildup of NAD+ and increased H₂O production 
D)  a buildup of NAD+ and decreased H₂O production 
A)  a buildup of NADH and increased H₂O production 
B)  a buildup of NADH and decreased H₂O production 
C)  a buildup of NAD+ and increased H₂O production 
D)  a buildup of NAD+ and decreased H₂O production

Question 10

At the end of the TCA cycle most of the energy originally present in glucose is now found in

Accepted Answer

A)  CO₂. 
B)  NADH. 
C)  NADPH. 
D)  ATP. 
A)  CO₂. 
B)  NADH. 
C)  NADPH. 
D)  ATP.

Question 11

During glycolysis glucose is ________ and NAD⁺ is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidized; reduced 
B)  reduced; oxidized 
C)  oxidized; oxidized 
D)  reduced; reduced 
A)  oxidized; reduced 
B)  reduced; oxidized 
C)  oxidized; oxidized 
D)  reduced; reduced

Question 12

CASE HISTORY
Tonya,age 32,was spending a warm June weekend at a beach in Massachusetts.The water near shore looked clear,although farther offshore the water had a reddish tint.Tonya dug up a pailful of clams and cooked them thoroughly.After dinner,her lips grew numb and her fingers tingled.She felt nauseated and had difficulty walking across the room.Her speech became slurred,but she managed to dial 911.The ambulance got her to the hospital in time for Tonya to have her stomach pumped and receive assistance breathing.The physician explained to Tonya that she had contracted paralytic shellfish poisoning from consumption of clams contaminated by an algal toxin.The toxin,called saxitoxin,accumulates in the clams as they feed on the algae;cooking does not affect the toxin.At that time,Massachusetts had a ban on shellfish because of a high population density of saxitoxin-producing algae,Alexandrium tamarense,a cause of "red tide."
Though Tonya suffered from consumption of saxitoxin,the organisms that produced it are valuable to humans as well.Explain how these myxotrophic organisms produce a product necessary to our respiration.

Accepted Answer

The oxygenic photosynthesis of these mix

Question 13

Which molecule is used as a reducing agent in biosynthetic reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP 
B)  NADH 
C)  NADPH 
D)  glucose 
A)  ATP 
B)  NADH 
C)  NADPH 
D)  glucose

Question 14

Compare and contrast ATP production in chloroplasts and mitochondria.How are they similar and how do they differ?

Accepted Answer

In both,ATP is generated by a membrane-e

Question 15

Which statement describes the reaction shown?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is an anabolic reaction. 
B)  It is a hydrolysis reaction. 
C)  It is a redox reaction. 
D)  It has a negative change in free energy. 
A)  It is an anabolic reaction. 
B)  It is a hydrolysis reaction. 
C)  It is a redox reaction. 
D)  It has a negative change in free energy.

Question 16

Yeast ferment hexose sugars into two molecules of ethanol and two molecules of CO₂.This reaction is used in bread making-the CO₂ causes the dough to rise.Explain why this reaction is so sensitive to temperature,slowing down considerably at lower temperatures.

Accepted Answer

The negative DG of this reaction is driv

Question 17

What molecule is depicted here?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADP 
B)  ATP 
C)  NAD+ 
D)  NADH 
A)  ADP 
B)  ATP 
C)  NAD+ 
D)  NADH

Question 18

In a metabolic reaction involving the conversion of NADH to NAD⁺

Accepted Answer

A)  NADH loses electrons and gains energy. 
B)  NADH gains electrons and gains energy. 
C)  NADH loses electrons and loses energy. 
D)  NADH gains electrons and loses energy. 
A)  NADH loses electrons and gains energy. 
B)  NADH gains electrons and gains energy. 
C)  NADH loses electrons and loses energy. 
D)  NADH gains electrons and loses energy.

Question 19

Which of the following is true of metabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are all catalyzed by enzymes. 
B)  They all release energy. 
C)  Reactions are unique to particular organisms. 
D)  They always use or produce ATP. 
A)  They are all catalyzed by enzymes. 
B)  They all release energy. 
C)  Reactions are unique to particular organisms. 
D)  They always use or produce ATP.

Question 20

Humans harness microbial ________ to preserve foods and retain caloric value.

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis 
B)  fermentation 
C)  TCA cycle 
D)  aerobic respiration 
A)  glycolysis 
B)  fermentation 
C)  TCA cycle 
D)  aerobic respiration

Exam 7: Bacterial Metabolism

The hydrolysis of a protein into amino acids is an example of

If Fe³⁺ is the final electron acceptor at the end of an electron transport system,the waste product is ________.

Starting with one glucose molecule,the products of glycolysis include

Which metabolic pathway is shown here?

A metabolic reaction can only provide energy to cells if

Which of the following is a benefit to humans of the Calvin cycle?

What catabolite is produced first from the catabolism of starch and cellulose?

Which of the pathways below are in the correct order for the flow of electrons from glucose to oxygen in aerobic respiration?

A bacterial electron transport system (ETS)is depicted.If the quinone pool were artificially depleted,what are the expected consequences?

At the end of the TCA cycle most of the energy originally present in glucose is now found in

During glycolysis glucose is ________ and NAD⁺ is ________.

Which molecule is used as a reducing agent in biosynthetic reactions?

Compare and contrast ATP production in chloroplasts and mitochondria.How are they similar and how do they differ?

Which statement describes the reaction shown?

Yeast ferment hexose sugars into two molecules of ethanol and two molecules of CO₂.This reaction is used in bread making-the CO₂ causes the dough to rise.Explain why this reaction is so sensitive to temperature,slowing down considerably at lower temperatures.

What molecule is depicted here?

In a metabolic reaction involving the conversion of NADH to NAD⁺

Which of the following is true of metabolic reactions?

Humans harness microbial ________ to preserve foods and retain caloric value.

Microbes Shape Our History

Basic Concepts of Infectious Disease

Observing Microbes

Living Chemistry: From Atoms to Cells

Cell Biology of Bacteria and Eukaryotes

Bacterial Growth, Nutrition, and Differentiation

Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology

Bacterial Genomes and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Eukaryotic Microbes and Invertebrate Infectious Agents

Viruses

Sterilization, Disinfection, and Antibiotic Therapy

Normal Human Microbiota: a Delicate Balance of Power

The Immune System: Inflammation and Innate Immunity

The Immune System: Adaptive Immunity

Immune Disorders, Tools, and Vaccines

Microbial Pathogenesis

Infections of the Skin and Eye

Infections of the Respiratory Tract

Systemic Infections

Infections of the Digestive System

Infections of the Urinary and Reproductive Tracts

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Diagnostic Clinical Microbiology

Epidemiology: Tracking Infectious Diseases

Environmental and Food Microbiology

Filters

During glycolysis glucose is and NAD⁺ is .