Question 1

Describe learned helplessness. How is it developed in laboratory animals, and how does it help us to understand human depression?

Accepted Answer

Sample Answer: Martin Seligman described

Question 2

Your uncle has been diagnosed with social phobia, and you believe that it is entirely due to lack of socialization during his teen years. Your theory or model of what caused his phobia is

Accepted Answer

A) multidimensional. 
B) integrative. 
C) one-dimensional. 
D) biological. 
A) multidimensional. 
B) integrative. 
C) one-dimensional. 
D) biological.

Question 3

Drugs often seem to work in a _________ manner, enacting changes in the lower brain first and reaching higher areas of the cortex last. This is called

Accepted Answer

A) consolidating. 
B) stepwise. 
C) top-down. 
D) bottom-up. 
A) consolidating. 
B) stepwise. 
C) top-down. 
D) bottom-up.

Question 4

Describe the concept of equifinality. What does this concept say regarding the causes of psychopathology?

Accepted Answer

Sample Answer: Equifinality indicates th

Question 5

It is important to understand the process of how learned helplessness is created in laboratory animals because learned helplessness in animals resembles the human disorder of

Accepted Answer

A) panic disorder. 
B) depression. 
C) mania. 
D) schizophrenia. 
A) panic disorder. 
B) depression. 
C) mania. 
D) schizophrenia.

Question 6

Cognitive-behavior therapy facilitates changes in thinking patterns in the cortex, which in turn affects the emotional brain in the lower brain. This is called

Accepted Answer

A) confabulation. 
B) consolidation. 
C) top-down processing. 
D) bottom-up processing. 
A) confabulation. 
B) consolidation. 
C) top-down processing. 
D) bottom-up processing.

Question 7

The current state of knowledge regarding genetics and life experience effects on brain structure and function concludes that most psychological disorders are

Accepted Answer

A) the result of a complex interaction of genetics and faulty neurotransmitter circuits. 
B) the result of stressful early life experiences and the negative effects such experiences have on brain structure or function. 
C) the result of both biological and psychosocial factors. 
D) beyond our current ability to understand in any meaningful way. 
A) the result of a complex interaction of genetics and faulty neurotransmitter circuits. 
B) the result of stressful early life experiences and the negative effects such experiences have on brain structure or function. 
C) the result of both biological and psychosocial factors. 
D) beyond our current ability to understand in any meaningful way.

Question 8

Most psychological disorders appear to be influenced by many individual genes rather than caused by one single gene, a type of influence referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) systemic. 
B) polygenic. 
C) unigenic. 
D) morphogenic. 
A) systemic. 
B) polygenic. 
C) unigenic. 
D) morphogenic.

Question 9

Recent evidence regarding genetic influence on most psychological disorders has shown that

Accepted Answer

A) single culprit genes are usually responsible for psychological disorders. 
B) genes that influence psychopathology are usually recessive. 
C) there is no evidence that genes influence psychopathology. 
D) multiple genes interact, with each gene contributing a small effect. 
A) single culprit genes are usually responsible for psychological disorders. 
B) genes that influence psychopathology are usually recessive. 
C) there is no evidence that genes influence psychopathology. 
D) multiple genes interact, with each gene contributing a small effect.

Question 10

Drugs that decrease the activity of a neurotransmitter are called

Accepted Answer

A) agonists. 
B) blockers. 
C) reuptake inhibitors. 
D) antagonists. 
A) agonists. 
B) blockers. 
C) reuptake inhibitors. 
D) antagonists.

Question 11

The neurotransmitter associated with the inhibition of anxiety is

Accepted Answer

A) norepinephrine. 
B) dopamine. 
C) serotonin. 
D) GABA. 
A) norepinephrine. 
B) dopamine. 
C) serotonin. 
D) GABA.

Question 12

The central nervous system is made up of the

Accepted Answer

A) brain and spinal cord. 
B) brain only. 
C) spinal cord only. 
D) nerves leading to and from the brain. 
A) brain and spinal cord. 
B) brain only. 
C) spinal cord only. 
D) nerves leading to and from the brain.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Glia cells play active roles in neural activity. . 
B) There are less glia cells than there are neurons. 
C) There is one type of glia cells and they perform no identified specific function. 
D) None of these are correct 
A) Glia cells play active roles in neural activity. . 
B) There are less glia cells than there are neurons. 
C) There is one type of glia cells and they perform no identified specific function. 
D) None of these are correct

Question 14

GABA, dopamine, and norepinephrine are all examples of

Accepted Answer

A) electrical brain waves. 
B) Types of neurons. 
C) neurotransmitters. 
D) areas of the brain. 
A) electrical brain waves. 
B) Types of neurons. 
C) neurotransmitters. 
D) areas of the brain.

Question 15

Children whose parents had _____________ and who were adopted away as babies showed a tendency to develop psychiatric disorders only if they were adopted into dysfunctional families.

Accepted Answer

A) bipolar disorder 
B) schizophrenia 
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder 
D) depression 
A) bipolar disorder 
B) schizophrenia 
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder 
D) depression

Question 16

In an experiment by Kolb, Gibb, and Gorny (2003), animals of varying ages were placed in complex environments. Their findings suggest that

Accepted Answer

A) the impact of the environment on the brain is different at varying stages of life. 
B) the impact of the environment on the brain is significant but uniform throughout the lifespan. 
C) environments that are beneficial to the aged may be harmful to the young. 
D) the environment has little effect on the brain throughout the lifespan. 
A) the impact of the environment on the brain is different at varying stages of life. 
B) the impact of the environment on the brain is significant but uniform throughout the lifespan. 
C) environments that are beneficial to the aged may be harmful to the young. 
D) the environment has little effect on the brain throughout the lifespan.

Question 17

Research with the elderly has found that depression is more likely in those individuals who

Accepted Answer

A) had poorer physical health. 
B) live in group settings. 
C) have fewer social contacts. 
D) carried a lot of healthcare related debt. 
A) had poorer physical health. 
B) live in group settings. 
C) have fewer social contacts. 
D) carried a lot of healthcare related debt.

Question 18

Learned helplessness is demonstrated in laboratory animals by

Accepted Answer

A) creating aversive stimuli (such as electrical shocks to the foot) that the animal can control. 
B) creating aversive stimuli (such as electrical shocks to the foot) that the animal cannot control. 
C) creating pleasant stimuli (such as a food pellet) that the animal cannot control. 
D) creating pleasant stimuli (such as a food pellet) that the animal can control. 
A) creating aversive stimuli (such as electrical shocks to the foot) that the animal can control. 
B) creating aversive stimuli (such as electrical shocks to the foot) that the animal cannot control. 
C) creating pleasant stimuli (such as a food pellet) that the animal cannot control. 
D) creating pleasant stimuli (such as a food pellet) that the animal can control.

Question 19

The model that describes the development of psychopathology as a combination of an inherited predisposition and the events that have occurred in the individual's life is the ________ model.

Accepted Answer

A) diathesis-stress 
B) genetic 
C) bio-behavioral 
D) psychoanalytic 
A) diathesis-stress 
B) genetic 
C) bio-behavioral 
D) psychoanalytic

Question 20

Epigenetics refers to the process of cellular material influencing traits by

Accepted Answer

A) Creating mutations in the genome. 
B) Inheriting mutations from an individual's parents. 
C) Activating the endocrine system when an individual encounters stressful events. 
D) Turning on or off genes from outside of the genome itself. 
A) Creating mutations in the genome. 
B) Inheriting mutations from an individual's parents. 
C) Activating the endocrine system when an individual encounters stressful events. 
D) Turning on or off genes from outside of the genome itself.

Describe learned helplessness. How is it developed in laboratory animals, and how does it help us to understand human depression?

Your uncle has been diagnosed with social phobia, and you believe that it is entirely due to lack of socialization during his teen years. Your theory or model of what caused his phobia is

Drugs often seem to work in a _________ manner, enacting changes in the lower brain first and reaching higher areas of the cortex last. This is called

Describe the concept of equifinality. What does this concept say regarding the causes of psychopathology?

It is important to understand the process of how learned helplessness is created in laboratory animals because learned helplessness in animals resembles the human disorder of

Cognitive-behavior therapy facilitates changes in thinking patterns in the cortex, which in turn affects the emotional brain in the lower brain. This is called

The current state of knowledge regarding genetics and life experience effects on brain structure and function concludes that most psychological disorders are

Most psychological disorders appear to be influenced by many individual genes rather than caused by one single gene, a type of influence referred to as

Recent evidence regarding genetic influence on most psychological disorders has shown that

Drugs that decrease the activity of a neurotransmitter are called

The neurotransmitter associated with the inhibition of anxiety is

The central nervous system is made up of the

Which of the following statements is true?

GABA, dopamine, and norepinephrine are all examples of

Children whose parents had _____________ and who were adopted away as babies showed a tendency to develop psychiatric disorders only if they were adopted into dysfunctional families.

In an experiment by Kolb, Gibb, and Gorny (2003), animals of varying ages were placed in complex environments. Their findings suggest that

Research with the elderly has found that depression is more likely in those individuals who

Learned helplessness is demonstrated in laboratory animals by

The model that describes the development of psychopathology as a combination of an inherited predisposition and the events that have occurred in the individual's life is the ________ model.

Epigenetics refers to the process of cellular material influencing traits by

Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context

Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Research in Psychopathology

Anxiety, Trauma- and Stressor-Related, and Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders and Dissociative Disorders

Mood Disorders and Suicide

Physical Disorders and Health Psychology

Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders

Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilic Disorders, and Gender Dysphoria

Substance-Related, Addictive, and Impulse-Control Disorders

Personality Disorders

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Neurodevelopmental and Neurocognitive Disorders

Mental Health Services: Legal and Ethical Issues

Filters

Exam 2: An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology

Describe learned helplessness. How is it developed in laboratory animals, and how does it help us to understand human depression?

Your uncle has been diagnosed with social phobia, and you believe that it is entirely due to lack of socialization during his teen years. Your theory or model of what caused his phobia is

Drugs often seem to work in a _________ manner, enacting changes in the lower brain first and reaching higher areas of the cortex last. This is called

Describe the concept of equifinality. What does this concept say regarding the causes of psychopathology?

It is important to understand the process of how learned helplessness is created in laboratory animals because learned helplessness in animals resembles the human disorder of

Cognitive-behavior therapy facilitates changes in thinking patterns in the cortex, which in turn affects the emotional brain in the lower brain. This is called

The current state of knowledge regarding genetics and life experience effects on brain structure and function concludes that most psychological disorders are

Most psychological disorders appear to be influenced by many individual genes rather than caused by one single gene, a type of influence referred to as

Recent evidence regarding genetic influence on most psychological disorders has shown that

Drugs that decrease the activity of a neurotransmitter are called

The neurotransmitter associated with the inhibition of anxiety is

The central nervous system is made up of the

Which of the following statements is true?

GABA, dopamine, and norepinephrine are all examples of

Children whose parents had _____________ and who were adopted away as babies showed a tendency to develop psychiatric disorders only if they were adopted into dysfunctional families.

In an experiment by Kolb, Gibb, and Gorny (2003), animals of varying ages were placed in complex environments. Their findings suggest that

Research with the elderly has found that depression is more likely in those individuals who

Learned helplessness is demonstrated in laboratory animals by

The model that describes the development of psychopathology as a combination of an inherited predisposition and the events that have occurred in the individual's life is the ________ model.

Epigenetics refers to the process of cellular material influencing traits by

Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context

Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Research in Psychopathology

Anxiety, Trauma- and Stressor-Related, and Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders and Dissociative Disorders

Mood Disorders and Suicide

Physical Disorders and Health Psychology

Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders

Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilic Disorders, and Gender Dysphoria

Substance-Related, Addictive, and Impulse-Control Disorders

Personality Disorders

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Neurodevelopmental and Neurocognitive Disorders

Mental Health Services: Legal and Ethical Issues

Filters