Exam 38: Fluids,Electrolytes, Acidbase Balance

The nurse has started to infuse the first of two units of packed red blood cells (prbc)on her patient.What is the nurse's next best action?

A patient has been admitted to the nursing unit with a diagnosis of chronic renal failure.She will be dialyzed for the first time tomorrow morning.Which of the following are appropriate nursing interventions for the patient? Select all that apply.

A patient receiving a unit of whole blood begins to complain of "feeling funny" and having chills.The nurse assesses that the patient has dyspnea,hypotension,and tachycardia.Which blood transfusion reaction should the nurse suspect?

A patient has been diagnosed with hypovolemia.Which prescriptions for hydration should the nurse question? Select all that apply.

A healthcare provider prescribes 250 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride to be infused over 2 hours.A microdrip infusion set is being used.What is the drip rate (drops/min)that the nurse should monitor?

Which of the following older adult patients needs to increase his daily fluid intake? One who typically drinks (assume three meals per day):

The nurse records a patient's hourly urine output from an indwelling catheter as follows: 0700: 36 mL 0800: 45 mL 0900: 85 mL 1000: 62 mL 1100: 50 mL 1200: 48 mL 1300: 94 mL 1400: 78 mL 1500: 60 mL The nurse can conclude that the patient's urine output should be described as which of the following?

Which electrolyte is the primary regulator of fluid volume?

The nurse is caring for a patient with gastroenteritis who has been vomiting for 48 hours.A family member of the patient asks the nurse,"Why is he breathing that way?" What is the nurse's most accurate response after explaining the meaning of pH? "He is breathing

Identify the mechanisms involved in acid-base balance.Select all that apply.

A patient's vital signs prior to a blood transfusion were: T = 97.6°F (36.4°C); P = 72 beats/min; R = 22 breaths/min; and BP = 132/76 mm Hg.Twenty minutes after the transfusion was begun,the patient began complaining of feeling "itchy and hot." The nurse discovered a rash on the patient's trunk.Vital signs were T = 100.8°F (38.2°C); P = 82 beats/min; R = 24 breaths/min; BP = 146/88 mm Hg.Based on these findings,what is the priority intervention?

The nurse is caring for a patient with metabolic acidosis secondary to renal failure caused by poor glucose regulation.The patient reports a headache,weakness,and nausea.The nurse assesses an elevated blood sugar,Kussmaul breathing,and peripheral vasodilation.What collaborative interventions will the nurse anticipate to restore pH balance? Select all that apply.

A nurse is caring for a patient with a peripheral IV line located in the right forearm.The patient informs the nurse that the IV site is burning.Upon assessment the nurse determines that the IV solution has infiltrated.What site(s)is/are appropriate to consider when restarting the IV line? Select all that apply.

Which of the following is the principal site for regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance?

Which process requires energy to maintain the unique composition of extracellular and intracellular compartments?

The nurse is caring for a patient with no spontaneous respiratory effort who requires mechanical ventilation.The first blood gas after initiating the ventilator shows a pH of 7.52 and a PCO₂ of 20.What intervention is required to correct this pH imbalance?

After morning care,the nurse lowered the height of the IV container infusing via gravity flow,at the patient's request.What is the nurse's next best action?

A patient's blood group is B.The nurse knows the patient can receive blood only from donors with what group of blood? Select all that apply.

A patient has been vomiting for 2 days and has not been able to eat or drink anything during this time.She has not urinated for 12 hours.Physical examination reveals the following: T = 99.6°F (37.6°C)orally; P = 110 beats/min,weak and thready; BP = 80/52 mm Hg.Her skin and mucous membranes are dry,and there is decreased skin turgor.The patient states that she feels very weak.The following are her laboratory results: Sodium 138mEg/L Potassium 3.7 mEq/L Calcium 9.2mg/dL Magnesium 1.8 mg/dL, Chloride 99mEq/L BUN 29 mg/dL Which of the following is an appropriate nursing diagnosis for this patient?

When a patient has metabolic acidosis,which body system influences the acid-base imbalance to produce the compensatory changes in the arterial blood gases?