Question 1

The ________ component of an attitude consists of the degree to which the person likes or dislikes the attitude object.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive 
B)  affective 
C)  behavioral 
D)  knowledge 
A)  cognitive 
B)  affective 
C)  behavioral 
D)  knowledge B

Question 2

Katerina loves to read books.Her parents think that reading books is important,so they reward her with $5 every time she reads a book.Over time,Katerina decides that she does not really love books all that much.This is an example of the

Accepted Answer

A)  impact of locus of control on attitude formation. 
B)  consistency between parents' attitudes and children's behavior. 
C)  overjustification effect. 
D)  self-fulfilling prophesy. 
A)  impact of locus of control on attitude formation. 
B)  consistency between parents' attitudes and children's behavior. 
C)  overjustification effect. 
D)  self-fulfilling prophesy. C

Question 3

Lenora's parents always taught her that she ought to "put on a happy face" even when she is not.According to research on self-perception theory,what effect does this behavior have on her corresponding internal state?

Accepted Answer

A)  It makes her seem like a fake. 
B)  It works: behaving as if she were happy can actually make Lenora feel happier. 
C)  It does not work and actually makes some people even unhappier. 
D)  None of the answer options is correct. 
A)  It makes her seem like a fake. 
B)  It works: behaving as if she were happy can actually make Lenora feel happier. 
C)  It does not work and actually makes some people even unhappier. 
D)  None of the answer options is correct. B

Question 4

According to Bem's self-perception theory,

Accepted Answer

A)  people reflect on their attitudes, which then lead to behaviors that reflect these attitudes. 
B)  people infer their own attitudes from their behaviors and the context in which these behaviors occur. 
C)  people influence each other's self-concept through mutual mimicry and positive reinforcement. 
D)  people's sense of self is determined by their values, beliefs, and preferences. 
A)  people reflect on their attitudes, which then lead to behaviors that reflect these attitudes. 
B)  people infer their own attitudes from their behaviors and the context in which these behaviors occur. 
C)  people influence each other's self-concept through mutual mimicry and positive reinforcement. 
D)  people's sense of self is determined by their values, beliefs, and preferences.

Question 5

Recall that Festinger and Carlsmith (1959)gave participants either $1 or $20 for telling others that an experiment was fun and interesting.The experiment entailed turning pegs on a pegboard one quarter turn at a time.Thus,in actuality,the experiment was tedious and boring.The study results showed that

Accepted Answer

A)  neither $1 nor $20 could induce participants to tell other people that the experiment was interesting. 
B)  after telling people that the experiment was interesting, participants in the $1 condition tended to express a more favorable attitude toward the experiment. 
C)  after telling people that the experiment was interesting, participants in the $20 condition tended to express a more favorable attitude toward the experiment. 
D)  participants in the $1 condition were less likely to follow the experimenter's instructions. 
A)  neither $1 nor $20 could induce participants to tell other people that the experiment was interesting. 
B)  after telling people that the experiment was interesting, participants in the $1 condition tended to express a more favorable attitude toward the experiment. 
C)  after telling people that the experiment was interesting, participants in the $20 condition tended to express a more favorable attitude toward the experiment. 
D)  participants in the $1 condition were less likely to follow the experimenter's instructions.

Question 6

Challenge the widely held belief that attitudes accurately predict a person's behavior.

Accepted Answer

Most people assume that attitudes do a g

Question 7

Many people who choose not to have children suspect that homebound,sleep-deprived,and financially strapped parents are fooling themselves when they say that nothing in life brings them more pleasure.In other words,these childless people suggest that parents put a lot of energy into ________ in order to decrease cognitive dissonance.

Accepted Answer

A)  peripheral processing 
B)  effort justification 
C)  balancing 
D)  arousing thoughts 
A)  peripheral processing 
B)  effort justification 
C)  balancing 
D)  arousing thoughts

Question 8

Suppose your friend asks you for advice on how she can encourage her son to clean his room regularly.Generate a plan,based on the principle of insufficient justification,to get her son to clean his room more often.How can she avoid the overjustification effect?

Accepted Answer

Your friend might consider providing her

Question 9

A(n)________ is an evaluation of an object in a positive or negative fashion.

Accepted Answer

A)  attitude 
B)  behavior 
C)  rationalization 
D)  emotion 
A)  attitude 
B)  behavior 
C)  rationalization 
D)  emotion

Question 10

Jeff believes in saving the environment but finds himself throwing away aluminum cans because his college campus does not recycle.________ would predict that he may experience an aversive emotional state due to the inconsistency between his attitudes and his behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  The elaboration likelihood model 
B)  Induced compliance theory 
C)  Self-affirmation theory 
D)  Cognitive dissonance theory 
A)  The elaboration likelihood model 
B)  Induced compliance theory 
C)  Self-affirmation theory 
D)  Cognitive dissonance theory

Question 11

Compare and contrast Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory with Bem's self-perception theory.

Accepted Answer

Both cognitive dissonance theory and sel

Question 12

What are self-affirmations and how can they be used to ward off cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

Self-affirmations are attempts to take s

Question 13

The ________ effect suggests that our intrinsic interest in an activity may diminish if we begin to receive a payoff for completing the task.According to ________ theory,this is in part because we observe ourselves doing the task for the payoff and infer that we must not enjoy the task much in its own right after all.

Accepted Answer

A)  overjustification; self-perception theory 
B)  overjustification; cognitive dissonance 
C)  insufficient justification; self-perception 
D)  insufficient justification; cognitive dissonance 
A)  overjustification; self-perception theory 
B)  overjustification; cognitive dissonance 
C)  insufficient justification; self-perception 
D)  insufficient justification; cognitive dissonance

Question 14

Lucy's family is not well-off.Although they wish they were more prosperous,they take comfort in the love and support they provide to each other and consider their society fair.As a result,Lucy's family does not endorse proposed changes to the laws that would provide them with better health insurance.Their behavior can be explained by ________ theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-perception 
B)  self-affirmation 
C)  system-justification 
D)  balance 
A)  self-perception 
B)  self-affirmation 
C)  system-justification 
D)  balance

Question 15

Define attitude and describe the components of an attitude.

Accepted Answer

An attitude is an evaluation of an objec

Question 16

Describe system justification theory.What common observations seem to support this perspective?

Accepted Answer

System justification theory states that

Question 17

Describe the relationship between introspection and attitudes.Why might introspection lead an individual to misconstrue his or her attitudes?

Accepted Answer

It is often difficult to explain the rea

Question 18

Ruben,a marketing executive for Apple,wants to predict a person's iPod-related behavior from his or her attitude about iPods.To this end,Ruben will administer a survey asking people their attitudes about iPods.Two years later,he will ask these same people to report on their behavior related to iPods.According to research on attitude-behavior consistency,Ruben should measure people's attitudes and behavior at the same level of specificity.Which of the following pairs of questions best satisfies this criterion?

Accepted Answer

A)  "How positively do you feel about iPods?" and "Have you used an iPod in the last month?" 
B)  "How do you feel about iPods?" and "Have you used an iPod in the last two years?" 
C)  "How much do you want to buy an iPod within the next two years?" and "Have you bought an iPod in the last two years?" 
D)  "How negative do you feel about iPods?" and "How much have you talked about iPods in the last month?" 
A)  "How positively do you feel about iPods?" and "Have you used an iPod in the last month?" 
B)  "How do you feel about iPods?" and "Have you used an iPod in the last two years?" 
C)  "How much do you want to buy an iPod within the next two years?" and "Have you bought an iPod in the last two years?" 
D)  "How negative do you feel about iPods?" and "How much have you talked about iPods in the last month?"

Question 19

Getting paid a lot of money to do things that violate one's core values,as compared to getting no money to violate one's values,should

Accepted Answer

A)  not produce much dissonance. 
B)  produce a lot of dissonance. 
C)  lead to attitude change. 
D)  prompt confusion over one's true attitude. 
A)  not produce much dissonance. 
B)  produce a lot of dissonance. 
C)  lead to attitude change. 
D)  prompt confusion over one's true attitude.

Question 20

Dissonance theory suggests that people ________ their attitudes as a result of dissonance,whereas self-perception theory suggests that people ________ their attitudes from observing their behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A)  infer; change 
B)  change; infer 
C)  strengthen; weaken 
D)  weaken; strengthen 
A)  infer; change 
B)  change; infer 
C)  strengthen; weaken 
D)  weaken; strengthen

The ________ component of an attitude consists of the degree to which the person likes or dislikes the attitude object.

Katerina loves to read books.Her parents think that reading books is important,so they reward her with $5 every time she reads a book.Over time,Katerina decides that she does not really love books all that much.This is an example of the

Lenora's parents always taught her that she ought to "put on a happy face" even when she is not.According to research on self-perception theory,what effect does this behavior have on her corresponding internal state?

According to Bem's self-perception theory,

Challenge the widely held belief that attitudes accurately predict a person's behavior.

Suppose your friend asks you for advice on how she can encourage her son to clean his room regularly.Generate a plan,based on the principle of insufficient justification,to get her son to clean his room more often.How can she avoid the overjustification effect?

A(n)________ is an evaluation of an object in a positive or negative fashion.

Jeff believes in saving the environment but finds himself throwing away aluminum cans because his college campus does not recycle.________ would predict that he may experience an aversive emotional state due to the inconsistency between his attitudes and his behavior.

Compare and contrast Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory with Bem's self-perception theory.

What are self-affirmations and how can they be used to ward off cognitive dissonance?

Define attitude and describe the components of an attitude.

Describe system justification theory.What common observations seem to support this perspective?

Describe the relationship between introspection and attitudes.Why might introspection lead an individual to misconstrue his or her attitudes?

Getting paid a lot of money to do things that violate one's core values,as compared to getting no money to violate one's values,should

Dissonance theory suggests that people their attitudes as a result of dissonance,whereas self-perception theory suggests that people their attitudes from observing their behaviors.

An Invitation to Social Psychology

The Methods of Social Psychology

The Social Self

Social Cognition: Thinking About

Social Attribution: Explaining Behavior

Emotion

Persuasion

Social Influence

Relationships and Attraction

Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Groups

Aggression

Altruism and Cooperation

Application Module 1 : Social Psychology and Health

Application Module 2 : Social Psychology and Educatio

Application Module 3 :social Psychology and the Law

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Exam 7: Attitudes, Behavior, and Rationalization

The ________ component of an attitude consists of the degree to which the person likes or dislikes the attitude object.

Katerina loves to read books.Her parents think that reading books is important,so they reward her with $5 every time she reads a book.Over time,Katerina decides that she does not really love books all that much.This is an example of the

Lenora's parents always taught her that she ought to "put on a happy face" even when she is not.According to research on self-perception theory,what effect does this behavior have on her corresponding internal state?

According to Bem's self-perception theory,

Challenge the widely held belief that attitudes accurately predict a person's behavior.

Suppose your friend asks you for advice on how she can encourage her son to clean his room regularly.Generate a plan,based on the principle of insufficient justification,to get her son to clean his room more often.How can she avoid the overjustification effect?

A(n)________ is an evaluation of an object in a positive or negative fashion.

Jeff believes in saving the environment but finds himself throwing away aluminum cans because his college campus does not recycle.________ would predict that he may experience an aversive emotional state due to the inconsistency between his attitudes and his behavior.

Compare and contrast Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory with Bem's self-perception theory.

What are self-affirmations and how can they be used to ward off cognitive dissonance?

Define attitude and describe the components of an attitude.

Describe system justification theory.What common observations seem to support this perspective?

Describe the relationship between introspection and attitudes.Why might introspection lead an individual to misconstrue his or her attitudes?

Getting paid a lot of money to do things that violate one's core values,as compared to getting no money to violate one's values,should

Dissonance theory suggests that people ________ their attitudes as a result of dissonance,whereas self-perception theory suggests that people ________ their attitudes from observing their behaviors.

An Invitation to Social Psychology

The Methods of Social Psychology

The Social Self

Social Cognition: Thinking About

Social Attribution: Explaining Behavior

Emotion

Persuasion

Social Influence

Relationships and Attraction

Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Groups

Aggression

Altruism and Cooperation

Application Module 1 : Social Psychology and Health

Application Module 2 : Social Psychology and Educatio

Application Module 3 :social Psychology and the Law

Filters

Dissonance theory suggests that people their attitudes as a result of dissonance,whereas self-perception theory suggests that people their attitudes from observing their behaviors.