Question 1

During the teenage years, there are increases in conflicts with parents, extremes of emotion, and risk-taking behaviours.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

In Canada, youth crime rates were lower in 2006 than in 1991.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Jankowski (1991) suggests various reasons for joining a gang. Identify and describe each of the reasons. Provide an example of behaviour for each reason.

Accepted Answer

Jankowski (1991) suggests various reasons for joining a gang, including a sense of belonging, protection, and a desire for excitement and adventure.

1. Sense of belonging: Many individuals join gangs in search of a sense of belonging and acceptance. They may feel disconnected from their families or communities and seek out a group that offers a sense of camaraderie and support. An example of behavior for this reason could be a teenager who feels isolated at school and joins a gang to feel like they belong to a group.

2. Protection: Some individuals join gangs for protection, especially in neighborhoods or communities where violence and crime are prevalent. They may believe that being part of a gang will provide them with a sense of security and safety. An example of behavior for this reason could be a young person who feels threatened by rival gangs and joins a gang for protection.

3. Desire for excitement and adventure: For some individuals, joining a gang offers an opportunity for excitement and adventure. They may be drawn to the thrill of engaging in criminal activities and the adrenaline rush that comes with it. An example of behavior for this reason could be a young adult who is bored with their mundane life and seeks out the excitement of gang activities.

These are just a few of the reasons that Jankowski (1991) suggests for joining a gang, and it's important to note that individuals may have multiple motivations for joining. Understanding these reasons can help in developing effective strategies for preventing gang involvement and addressing the underlying needs of at-risk individuals.

Question 4

Most adolescents who use marijuana use it regularly.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which theories do Grekul and LaBoucance-Benson (2007) combine in their analysis of Aboriginal gangs in Canada?

Accepted Answer

A)  social bonds; conflict; labelling 
B)  differential association; social bonds; labelling 
C)  differential association; self-control; conflict 
D)  dramaturgy; general theory of crime; strain 
E)  strain; self-control; neutralization 
A)  social bonds; conflict; labelling 
B)  differential association; social bonds; labelling 
C)  differential association; self-control; conflict 
D)  dramaturgy; general theory of crime; strain 
E)  strain; self-control; neutralization

Question 6

Neema lives in a single parent home. Her mother's parenting style includes moderate levels of control, moderate levels of supervision, clearly explained rules and consequences, and a willingness to listen to Neema's point of view. Which of the following outcomes is most likely, considering the research that has been done on parenting style?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neema is likely to be vulnerable to negative peer influences 
B)  Neema is likely to do poorly in school 
C)  Neema is likely to avoid criminal behaviour 
D)  Neema is likely to have low self-esteem 
E)  Neema is likely to have low levels of internalized self-control when away from her mother's direct supervision 
A)  Neema is likely to be vulnerable to negative peer influences 
B)  Neema is likely to do poorly in school 
C)  Neema is likely to avoid criminal behaviour 
D)  Neema is likely to have low self-esteem 
E)  Neema is likely to have low levels of internalized self-control when away from her mother's direct supervision

Question 7

List and describe the five elements of a moral panic.

Accepted Answer

1. Concern: The first element of a moral

Question 8

Which piece of youth crime legislation is based more on child welfare principles than justice principles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Young Offenders Act 
B)  Juvenile Delinquents Act 
C)  Youth Criminal Justice Act 
D)  Youth Justice Renewal Initiative 
E)  none of the above 
A)  Young Offenders Act 
B)  Juvenile Delinquents Act 
C)  Youth Criminal Justice Act 
D)  Youth Justice Renewal Initiative 
E)  none of the above

Question 9

Youth who smoke are more likely to use other drugs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Describe the social control of youth alcohol use at a formal level. Be sure to address the social control of overall alcohol use among youth, as well as the social control of university binge drinking in particular.

Accepted Answer

At a formal level, the social control of

Question 11

Which of the following is the clearest example of troubled youth?

Accepted Answer

A)  gang members 
B)  substance abusers 
C)  young offenders 
D)  street youth 
E)  violent youth 
A)  gang members 
B)  substance abusers 
C)  young offenders 
D)  street youth 
E)  violent youth

Question 12

What proportion of university students has used marijuana within the past month?

Accepted Answer

A)  87% 
B)  2% 
C)  17% 
D)  32% 
E)  51% 
A)  87% 
B)  2% 
C)  17% 
D)  32% 
E)  51%

Question 13

For which of the following types of crime are people under the age of 18 the primary offenders?

Accepted Answer

A)  homicide 
B)  motor vehicle theft 
C)  break and enter 
D)  assault 
E)  people under the age of 18 are not the primary offenders for any type of crime 
A)  homicide 
B)  motor vehicle theft 
C)  break and enter 
D)  assault 
E)  people under the age of 18 are not the primary offenders for any type of crime

Question 14

Canadian youth are more likely to use marijuana than European youth living in countries with more lenient marijuana laws.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

List three ways that adolescent smoking is socially controlled, and then identify each of those forms of control as (a) formal/informal and (b) preventative/retroactive.

Accepted Answer

1) Education and awareness campaigns: Th

Question 16

Public concerns about youth crime are significantly different today than they were 100 years ago.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

According to the Ontario Student Drug Use Survey, what are the three most commonly used substances, in order, by youth in grades 7 through 12?

Accepted Answer

A)  (1) alcohol; (2) cannabis; (3) tobacco 
B)  (1) alcohol; (2) cannabis; (3) opioid pain relievers 
C)  (1) cannabis; (2) alcohol; (3) tobacco 
D)  (1) alcohol; (2) cannabis; (3) hallucinogens 
E)  (1) tobacco; (2) alcohol; (3) opioid pain relievers 
A)  (1) alcohol; (2) cannabis; (3) tobacco 
B)  (1) alcohol; (2) cannabis; (3) opioid pain relievers 
C)  (1) cannabis; (2) alcohol; (3) tobacco 
D)  (1) alcohol; (2) cannabis; (3) hallucinogens 
E)  (1) tobacco; (2) alcohol; (3) opioid pain relievers

Question 18

Which of the following research topics reflects a critical theoretical approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  the school factors that influence gang emergence and membership 
B)  the varying understandings of what it means to be a gang member 
C)  the role of youth gangs as sources of identity and resistance for marginalized youth 
D)  gangs as phenomena in lower socioeconomic status neighbourhoods 
E)  all of the research topics described above reflect a critical theoretical approach 
A)  the school factors that influence gang emergence and membership 
B)  the varying understandings of what it means to be a gang member 
C)  the role of youth gangs as sources of identity and resistance for marginalized youth 
D)  gangs as phenomena in lower socioeconomic status neighbourhoods 
E)  all of the research topics described above reflect a critical theoretical approach

Question 19

How is youth crime portrayed in the media?

Accepted Answer

A)  it is overrepresented 
B)  it is presented as a new problem for society 
C)  it is linked with certain ethnic groups 
D)  it is linked with certain socioeconomic classes 
E)  youth crime is overrepresented, is presented as a new problem, is linked with certain ethnic groups, and is linked with certain socioeconomic classes within media portrayals 
A)  it is overrepresented 
B)  it is presented as a new problem for society 
C)  it is linked with certain ethnic groups 
D)  it is linked with certain socioeconomic classes 
E)  youth crime is overrepresented, is presented as a new problem, is linked with certain ethnic groups, and is linked with certain socioeconomic classes within media portrayals

Question 20

Explain the ways in which the adult world is responsible for troubled, troubling, and/or deviant youth. In your answer, refer to youth crime/gangs, substance use, and the "deviant" nature of adolescence itself.

Accepted Answer

There are several ways in which the adul

During the teenage years, there are increases in conflicts with parents, extremes of emotion, and risk-taking behaviours.

In Canada, youth crime rates were lower in 2006 than in 1991.

Jankowski (1991) suggests various reasons for joining a gang. Identify and describe each of the reasons. Provide an example of behaviour for each reason.

Most adolescents who use marijuana use it regularly.

Which theories do Grekul and LaBoucance-Benson (2007) combine in their analysis of Aboriginal gangs in Canada?

List and describe the five elements of a moral panic.

Which piece of youth crime legislation is based more on child welfare principles than justice principles?

Youth who smoke are more likely to use other drugs.

Describe the social control of youth alcohol use at a formal level. Be sure to address the social control of overall alcohol use among youth, as well as the social control of university binge drinking in particular.

Which of the following is the clearest example of troubled youth?

What proportion of university students has used marijuana within the past month?

For which of the following types of crime are people under the age of 18 the primary offenders?

Canadian youth are more likely to use marijuana than European youth living in countries with more lenient marijuana laws.

List three ways that adolescent smoking is socially controlled, and then identify each of those forms of control as (a) formal/informal and (b) preventative/retroactive.

Public concerns about youth crime are significantly different today than they were 100 years ago.

According to the Ontario Student Drug Use Survey, what are the three most commonly used substances, in order, by youth in grades 7 through 12?

Which of the following research topics reflects a critical theoretical approach?

How is youth crime portrayed in the media?

Explain the ways in which the adult world is responsible for troubled, troubling, and/or deviant youth. In your answer, refer to youth crime/gangs, substance use, and the "deviant" nature of adolescence itself.

Determining Deviance

Explaining Deviance: The Act

Explaining Deviance: The Perception, Reaction, and Power

Deviant” and “Normal” Sexuality

Looking Deviant: Physical Appearance

Mental Disorders

What Do You Believe? Religion and Deviance

Scientific Belief Systems

The “Deviance Dance” Continues

Filters

Exam 5: The Troubling and Troubled World of Youth

During the teenage years, there are increases in conflicts with parents, extremes of emotion, and risk-taking behaviours.

In Canada, youth crime rates were lower in 2006 than in 1991.

Jankowski (1991) suggests various reasons for joining a gang. Identify and describe each of the reasons. Provide an example of behaviour for each reason.

Most adolescents who use marijuana use it regularly.

Which theories do Grekul and LaBoucance-Benson (2007) combine in their analysis of Aboriginal gangs in Canada?

List and describe the five elements of a moral panic.

Which piece of youth crime legislation is based more on child welfare principles than justice principles?

Youth who smoke are more likely to use other drugs.

Describe the social control of youth alcohol use at a formal level. Be sure to address the social control of overall alcohol use among youth, as well as the social control of university binge drinking in particular.

Which of the following is the clearest example of troubled youth?

What proportion of university students has used marijuana within the past month?

For which of the following types of crime are people under the age of 18 the primary offenders?

Canadian youth are more likely to use marijuana than European youth living in countries with more lenient marijuana laws.

List three ways that adolescent smoking is socially controlled, and then identify each of those forms of control as (a) formal/informal and (b) preventative/retroactive.

Public concerns about youth crime are significantly different today than they were 100 years ago.

According to the Ontario Student Drug Use Survey, what are the three most commonly used substances, in order, by youth in grades 7 through 12?

Which of the following research topics reflects a critical theoretical approach?

How is youth crime portrayed in the media?

Explain the ways in which the adult world is responsible for troubled, troubling, and/or deviant youth. In your answer, refer to youth crime/gangs, substance use, and the "deviant" nature of adolescence itself.

Determining Deviance

Explaining Deviance: The Act

Explaining Deviance: The Perception, Reaction, and Power

Deviant” and “Normal” Sexuality

Looking Deviant: Physical Appearance

Mental Disorders

What Do You Believe? Religion and Deviance

Scientific Belief Systems

The “Deviance Dance” Continues

Filters