Question 1

Pollutants from industrial areas may contain ________,which can react with water to produce airborne particles of acid.

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen 
B)  carbon dioxide 
C)  sulfur dioxide 
D)  nitrate 
A)  oxygen 
B)  carbon dioxide 
C)  sulfur dioxide 
D)  nitrate C

Question 2

To best use the Earth's NPP to feed the most people,diets should be modified to include ________,and gathering the maximum amount of energy available from a given biomass of producers.

Accepted Answer

A)  only meat,moving higher up the food chain 
B)  only meat,moving lower down the food chain 
C)  plant material only,moving lower down the food chain 
D)  plant material only,moving higher up the food chain 
A)  only meat,moving higher up the food chain 
B)  only meat,moving lower down the food chain 
C)  plant material only,moving lower down the food chain 
D)  plant material only,moving higher up the food chain C

Question 3

Phosphorus is the only major nutrient whose cycle is ________.

Accepted Answer

sedimentary

Question 4

The dead zone that develops in the Gulf of Mexico forms because the large amounts of nitrogen from fertilizers and sewage carried by the Mississippi River

Accepted Answer

A)  kill the algae,which are the main food of primary consumers. 
B)  cause bacterial populations to grow rapidly and create widespread disease among secondary consumers. 
C)  lead eventually to large bacterial populations that deplete deeper waters of oxygen. 
D)  are poisonous to bacteria,which are critically important decomposers. 
A)  kill the algae,which are the main food of primary consumers. 
B)  cause bacterial populations to grow rapidly and create widespread disease among secondary consumers. 
C)  lead eventually to large bacterial populations that deplete deeper waters of oxygen. 
D)  are poisonous to bacteria,which are critically important decomposers.

Question 5

Which of the following would use the highest percentage of net primary productivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  producers 
B)  decomposers 
C)  herbivores 
D)  predators 
A)  producers 
B)  decomposers 
C)  herbivores 
D)  predators

Question 6

The primary contribution of decomposers to an ecosystem occurs when they

Accepted Answer

A)  capture solar energy. 
B)  recycle nutrients sequestered in organisms back to the physical environment. 
C)  regulate the number of producers. 
D)  prevent consumer overpopulation. 
A)  capture solar energy. 
B)  recycle nutrients sequestered in organisms back to the physical environment. 
C)  regulate the number of producers. 
D)  prevent consumer overpopulation.

Question 7

Cutting a forest to produce paper bags that are quickly discarded could be considered shortsighted;with the majority of its trees removed,the forest will

Accepted Answer

A)  experience a significant loss of nutrients as nutrients leech through the soil and into nearby waterways. 
B)  not be unable to recover and will eventually be replaced with a desert. 
C)  no longer be able to recycle the energy it captures during photosynthesis. 
D)  lose soil nutrients but gain biodiversity. 
A)  experience a significant loss of nutrients as nutrients leech through the soil and into nearby waterways. 
B)  not be unable to recover and will eventually be replaced with a desert. 
C)  no longer be able to recycle the energy it captures during photosynthesis. 
D)  lose soil nutrients but gain biodiversity.

Question 8

Some biologically important substances are transferred between organisms and the physical environment in a cyclical pattern called a ________ cycle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some biologically important substances are transferred between...

Question 9

Over time,the total amount of nutrients such as carbon and iron present on the Earth increases slightly by their addition from

Accepted Answer

A)  meteoric matter from space. 
B)  volcanic activity. 
C)  nutrient recycling. 
D)  electromagnetic radiation. 
A)  meteoric matter from space. 
B)  volcanic activity. 
C)  nutrient recycling. 
D)  electromagnetic radiation.

Question 10

A community of organisms,together with the chemical and physical environment in which the organisms live,is known as a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A community of organisms,together with the chemical...

Question 11

Net primary productivity on land

Accepted Answer

A)  tends to increase from the equator toward the poles. 
B)  tends to decrease from the equator toward the poles. 
C)  is greatest in deserts due to intense sunlight. 
D)  is very low in tropical areas due to excessive rainfall. 
A)  tends to increase from the equator toward the poles. 
B)  tends to decrease from the equator toward the poles. 
C)  is greatest in deserts due to intense sunlight. 
D)  is very low in tropical areas due to excessive rainfall.

Question 12

In an ecosystem,the assemblage of living organisms constitutes the ________ component.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In an ecosystem,the assemblage of living organisms...

Question 13

Energy cannot be recycled.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In marine ecosystems,net primary productivity tends to be

Accepted Answer

A)  greater along shorelines where terrestrial nutrients enter the marine environment. 
B)  lower where the oceans border land because terrestrial pollution suppresses marine productivity. 
C)  lowest in areas where upwelling brings colder water to the surface. 
D)  greater than the net primary productivity on land. 
A)  greater along shorelines where terrestrial nutrients enter the marine environment. 
B)  lower where the oceans border land because terrestrial pollution suppresses marine productivity. 
C)  lowest in areas where upwelling brings colder water to the surface. 
D)  greater than the net primary productivity on land.

Question 15

Which of the following groups of organisms would NOT be considered consumers?

Accepted Answer

A)  herbivores 
B)  predators 
C)  photosynthesizers 
D)  decomposers 
A)  herbivores 
B)  predators 
C)  photosynthesizers 
D)  decomposers

Question 16

________,caused by algal blooms triggered by excess nutrients in a lake,can result from excess decomposition followed by animals dying due to lack of oxygen.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________,caused by algal blooms triggered by excess...

Question 17

The physical,chemical,and biological processes that link the biotic and abiotic worlds in an ecosystem are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  ecosystem processes. 
B)  primary production events. 
C)  energy pyramids. 
D)  biogeochemical fixation. 
A)  ecosystem processes. 
B)  primary production events. 
C)  energy pyramids. 
D)  biogeochemical fixation.

Question 18

With respect to the following values,rain with a pH of ________ would be the most acidic.

Accepted Answer

A)  7 
B)  3 
C)  8 
D)  5 
A)  7 
B)  3 
C)  8 
D)  5

Question 19

In the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire,a portion of the forest was first clear-cut,then sprayed with herbicides for 3 years to prevent growth.A second portion of the forest was not clear-cut or sprayed and served as a control plot.The following graph shows that nitrate,a form of nitrogen that is important to plants,was lost from the ecosystem in streams at a much higher rate in the clear-cut portion of the forest than in the control portion.
 
What best explains the small releases of nitrogen from the control portion of the forest at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its nitrogen was sequestered in the forest biomass and temporarily unavailable. 
B)  With intact vegetation to intercept the acid rain that falls in the area,it failed to reach the soil and chemically react to release the nitrogen. 
C)  With intact vegetation,rainwater washed little soil and nitrogen from the forest floor. 
D)  Pesticides from the clear-cut areas seeped into the control area. 
A)  Its nitrogen was sequestered in the forest biomass and temporarily unavailable. 
B)  With intact vegetation to intercept the acid rain that falls in the area,it failed to reach the soil and chemically react to release the nitrogen. 
C)  With intact vegetation,rainwater washed little soil and nitrogen from the forest floor. 
D)  Pesticides from the clear-cut areas seeped into the control area.

Question 20

Almost all life on Earth is directly or indirectly dependent on

Accepted Answer

A)  predation. 
B)  solar energy. 
C)  physical productivity. 
D)  human civilization. 
A)  predation. 
B)  solar energy. 
C)  physical productivity. 
D)  human civilization.

Exam 24: Ecosystems

Pollutants from industrial areas may contain ________,which can react with water to produce airborne particles of acid.

To best use the Earth's NPP to feed the most people,diets should be modified to include ________,and gathering the maximum amount of energy available from a given biomass of producers.

Phosphorus is the only major nutrient whose cycle is ________.

The dead zone that develops in the Gulf of Mexico forms because the large amounts of nitrogen from fertilizers and sewage carried by the Mississippi River

Which of the following would use the highest percentage of net primary productivity?

The primary contribution of decomposers to an ecosystem occurs when they

Cutting a forest to produce paper bags that are quickly discarded could be considered shortsighted;with the majority of its trees removed,the forest will

Some biologically important substances are transferred between organisms and the physical environment in a cyclical pattern called a ________ cycle.

Over time,the total amount of nutrients such as carbon and iron present on the Earth increases slightly by their addition from

A community of organisms,together with the chemical and physical environment in which the organisms live,is known as a(n)________.

Net primary productivity on land

In an ecosystem,the assemblage of living organisms constitutes the ________ component.

Energy cannot be recycled.

In marine ecosystems,net primary productivity tends to be

Which of the following groups of organisms would NOT be considered consumers?

________,caused by algal blooms triggered by excess nutrients in a lake,can result from excess decomposition followed by animals dying due to lack of oxygen.

The physical,chemical,and biological processes that link the biotic and abiotic worlds in an ecosystem are known as

With respect to the following values,rain with a pH of ________ would be the most acidic.

Almost all life on Earth is directly or indirectly dependent on

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

The Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Cancer and Human Health

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA and Genes

From Gene to Protein

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

The Origin of Species

The Evolution of Biodiversity

Biological Diversity, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

Animalia

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Animal Behavior

Ecological Communities

Global Change

Internal Organization and Homeostasis

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Animal Hormones

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Skeletons,Muscles,and Movement

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

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