Question 1

The offspring of two individuals of different species that interbreed are known as ________.

Accepted Answer

hybrids

Question 2

________ speciation occurs when a new species arises in the absence of geographic isolation.

Accepted Answer

Sympatric

Question 3

In general,geographical isolation occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  populations migrate to new environments. 
B)  gene flow is reduced by more than 75 percent due to climate change. 
C)  mutations overcome genetic drift across physical barriers. 
D)  populations are separated by a distance that is great enough to limit gene flow. 
A)  populations migrate to new environments. 
B)  gene flow is reduced by more than 75 percent due to climate change. 
C)  mutations overcome genetic drift across physical barriers. 
D)  populations are separated by a distance that is great enough to limit gene flow. D

Question 4

Adaptive radiation can only take place in the presence of reproductive isolation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The two squirrel species shown in the following figure arose from the same ancestor.The Kaibab squirrel lives on the north rim of the Grand Canyon and Abert's squirrel lives on the south rim.Which is the most likely explanation for their speciation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The population of ancestral squirrel occupied only one of the rims of the Grand Canyon.As the population grew,some members of the population crossed the Grand Canyon to form a new population. 
B)  The population of the ancestral squirrel was split by the formation of the Grand Canyon.Since the habitats were different on each rim,the populations evolved differently and became reproductively isolated. 
C)  When the Grand Canyon formed,competition for food and shelter became fierce.The two species arose through sympatric speciation as some individuals gathered food on the north rim rather than the south rim. 
D)  The ancestral squirrel was actually a hybrid of two squirrel species.When the populations were separated and could no longer mate,the characteristics of the two species became more obvious. 
A)  The population of ancestral squirrel occupied only one of the rims of the Grand Canyon.As the population grew,some members of the population crossed the Grand Canyon to form a new population. 
B)  The population of the ancestral squirrel was split by the formation of the Grand Canyon.Since the habitats were different on each rim,the populations evolved differently and became reproductively isolated. 
C)  When the Grand Canyon formed,competition for food and shelter became fierce.The two species arose through sympatric speciation as some individuals gathered food on the north rim rather than the south rim. 
D)  The ancestral squirrel was actually a hybrid of two squirrel species.When the populations were separated and could no longer mate,the characteristics of the two species became more obvious.

Question 6

Using reproductive isolation as a method of defining a species is NOT useful for

Accepted Answer

A)  species whose ranges overlap. 
B)  species that cannot produce hybrids. 
C)  organisms known only from fossils. 
D)  organisms that reproduce sexually. 
A)  species whose ranges overlap. 
B)  species that cannot produce hybrids. 
C)  organisms known only from fossils. 
D)  organisms that reproduce sexually.

Question 7

The failure of the gametes to fuse is a prezygotic barrier to reproduction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Speciation

Accepted Answer

A)  can result from geographic isolation. 
B)  is directed. 
C)  occurs only in ring species. 
D)  reduces variation. 
A)  can result from geographic isolation. 
B)  is directed. 
C)  occurs only in ring species. 
D)  reduces variation.

Question 9

The following pictures show a shark,which is a fish,and a dolphin,which is a mammal.The similar body types of these two species are due to

Accepted Answer

A)  divergent evolution. 
B)  convergent evolution. 
C)  genetic drift. 
D)  adaptive radiation. 
A)  divergent evolution. 
B)  convergent evolution. 
C)  genetic drift. 
D)  adaptive radiation.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT due to the common ancestry of related species?

Accepted Answer

A)  homologous structures 
B)  vestigial structures 
C)  analogous structures 
D)  descendant structures 
A)  homologous structures 
B)  vestigial structures 
C)  analogous structures 
D)  descendant structures

Question 11

If a murky lake is stocked with a number of species of cichlid fish from Lake Victoria,what is most likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cichlid species will be very visible to the many predators in this area. 
B)  The colorful male cichlids will be very attractive to females in the lake. 
C)  The cichlid species will interbreed because the lake is so cloudy. 
D)  The cichlid species will have many offspring because they are so colorful. 
A)  The cichlid species will be very visible to the many predators in this area. 
B)  The colorful male cichlids will be very attractive to females in the lake. 
C)  The cichlid species will interbreed because the lake is so cloudy. 
D)  The cichlid species will have many offspring because they are so colorful.

Question 12

Adaptive evolution

Accepted Answer

A)  is large-scale movement of a single species over a new geographic area. 
B)  occurs when a more adapted species causes the extinction of a less adapted one. 
C)  is the process by which natural selection improves the match between an organism and its environment over time. 
D)  is an increase in the adaptiveness of many species that have already evolved. 
A)  is large-scale movement of a single species over a new geographic area. 
B)  occurs when a more adapted species causes the extinction of a less adapted one. 
C)  is the process by which natural selection improves the match between an organism and its environment over time. 
D)  is an increase in the adaptiveness of many species that have already evolved.

Question 13

When speciation is caused by a rapid change in chromosomal number such as ________,new species form in a single generation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When speciation is caused by a rapid...

Question 14

Speciation can occur when populations of a species are separated by a physical barrier becoming ________ isolated and subsequently reproductively isolated from one another.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Speciation can occur when populations of a...

Question 15

Two species live near each other but do not respond to each other's courtship displays.This is an example of ________ isolation,a type of prezygotic barrier.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Two species live near each other but...

Question 16

Two species live in the same area but breed in different parts of their habitat.These species are

Accepted Answer

A)  geographically isolated. 
B)  ecologically isolated. 
C)  artificially isolated. 
D)  likely to produce hybrids. 
A)  geographically isolated. 
B)  ecologically isolated. 
C)  artificially isolated. 
D)  likely to produce hybrids.

Question 17

Speciation as a result of geographic isolation generally occurs at a ________ rate than speciation as a result of polyploidy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Speciation as a result of geographic isolation...

Question 18

A large population of animals is split in two by a physical barrier.Over time,the genetic makeup of the two resulting populations becomes more and more different,until each population becomes a separate species.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  sympatric speciation. 
B)  allopatric speciation. 
C)  genetic drift. 
D)  natural selection. 
A)  sympatric speciation. 
B)  allopatric speciation. 
C)  genetic drift. 
D)  natural selection.

Question 19

Polyploidy can lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  a high rate of gene flow between populations. 
B)  geographic isolation. 
C)  fewer chromosomes. 
D)  reproductive isolation. 
A)  a high rate of gene flow between populations. 
B)  geographic isolation. 
C)  fewer chromosomes. 
D)  reproductive isolation.

Question 20

Before the cultivation of the apple tree,apple maggot flies laid their eggs exclusively on the fruit of Hawthorne trees.As apple orchards became more prominent,apple maggot flies began to lay their eggs on both the fruit of the Hawthorne tree and the fruit of cultivated apple trees.Now,apple maggot flies that live on apple trees mate and lay their eggs at different times of the year than apple maggot flies that live on Hawthorne trees.Is this an example of reproductive isolation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes;these two fly populations exhibit a postzygotic barrier that prevents hybrid individuals from developing properly. 
B)  No;although these two fly populations do not mate in nature,they can be forced to mate in a laboratory because their DNA sequences are still the same. 
C)  No;this is an example of speciation rather than reproductive isolation. 
D)  Yes;these two fly populations exhibit a temporal prezygotic barrier that prevents their gametes from encountering each other. 
A)  Yes;these two fly populations exhibit a postzygotic barrier that prevents hybrid individuals from developing properly. 
B)  No;although these two fly populations do not mate in nature,they can be forced to mate in a laboratory because their DNA sequences are still the same. 
C)  No;this is an example of speciation rather than reproductive isolation. 
D)  Yes;these two fly populations exhibit a temporal prezygotic barrier that prevents their gametes from encountering each other.

Exam 15: The Origin of Species

The offspring of two individuals of different species that interbreed are known as ________.

________ speciation occurs when a new species arises in the absence of geographic isolation.

In general,geographical isolation occurs when

Adaptive radiation can only take place in the presence of reproductive isolation.

The two squirrel species shown in the following figure arose from the same ancestor.The Kaibab squirrel lives on the north rim of the Grand Canyon and Abert's squirrel lives on the south rim.Which is the most likely explanation for their speciation?

Using reproductive isolation as a method of defining a species is NOT useful for

The failure of the gametes to fuse is a prezygotic barrier to reproduction.

Speciation

The following pictures show a shark,which is a fish,and a dolphin,which is a mammal.The similar body types of these two species are due to

Which of the following is NOT due to the common ancestry of related species?

If a murky lake is stocked with a number of species of cichlid fish from Lake Victoria,what is most likely to happen?

Adaptive evolution

When speciation is caused by a rapid change in chromosomal number such as ________,new species form in a single generation.

Speciation can occur when populations of a species are separated by a physical barrier becoming ________ isolated and subsequently reproductively isolated from one another.

Two species live near each other but do not respond to each other's courtship displays.This is an example of ________ isolation,a type of prezygotic barrier.

Two species live in the same area but breed in different parts of their habitat.These species are

Speciation as a result of geographic isolation generally occurs at a ________ rate than speciation as a result of polyploidy.

A large population of animals is split in two by a physical barrier.Over time,the genetic makeup of the two resulting populations becomes more and more different,until each population becomes a separate species.This is an example of

Polyploidy can lead to

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

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