Question 1

Which part of a fungus penetrates inside of a plant?

Accepted Answer

A) hyphae 
B) fruiting bodies 
C) spores 
D) pili 
E) flagella 
A) hyphae 
B) fruiting bodies 
C) spores 
D) pili 
E) flagella

Question 2

Protists can be heterotrophs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

If you sample prokaryotes from a kitchen faucet,they are likely to be bacteria,not archaea.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Clues from geology and paleontology suggest that simple cells or their precursors arose about

Accepted Answer

A) six billion years ago. 
B) six million years ago. 
C) four billion years ago. 
D) four million years ago. 
E) one million years ago. 
A) six billion years ago. 
B) six million years ago. 
C) four billion years ago. 
D) four million years ago. 
E) one million years ago.

Question 5

Protists can be autotrophs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Mitochondria evolved before chloroplasts based on which observation?

Accepted Answer

A) Mitochondria produced the oxygen found in the atmosphere. 
B) Almost all organisms have mitochondria. 
C) All eukaryotes have mitochondria,but not chloroplasts. 
D) All prokaryotes have mitochondria,but not chloroplasts. 
E) Mitochondria are larger than chloroplasts. 
A) Mitochondria produced the oxygen found in the atmosphere. 
B) Almost all organisms have mitochondria. 
C) All eukaryotes have mitochondria,but not chloroplasts. 
D) All prokaryotes have mitochondria,but not chloroplasts. 
E) Mitochondria are larger than chloroplasts.

Question 7

Streptomyces are aerobic soil bacteria that produce over two-thirds of our antibiotics of natural origin.These antibiotics should also be effective in killing Streptomyces.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which is the best description of the mutual benefit to both species found in a lichen?

Accepted Answer

A) The autotroph provides food and the heterotroph provides water and minerals. 
B) The autotroph prevents dehydration and the heterotroph provides energy. 
C) The autotroph provides water and minerals and the heterotroph prevents dehydration. 
D) The heterotroph protects the autotroph from predation. 
E) The autotroph produces antibiotics to ward off infection to the heterotroph by bacteria. 
A) The autotroph provides food and the heterotroph provides water and minerals. 
B) The autotroph prevents dehydration and the heterotroph provides energy. 
C) The autotroph provides water and minerals and the heterotroph prevents dehydration. 
D) The heterotroph protects the autotroph from predation. 
E) The autotroph produces antibiotics to ward off infection to the heterotroph by bacteria.

Question 9

Cooperation between or among cells could have been a key step in the evolution of multicellularity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

DNA sequence evidence suggests that plants,fungi,and animals arose from different lineages of unicellular protists.This suggests which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Protists evolved before the other three kingdoms. 
B) Early ancestors to plants,fungi,and animals could interbreed. 
C) Multicellular organisms arose only once in evolutionary history. 
D) All unicellular organisms are now extinct. 
E) The animal,plant,and fungal kingdoms contain some single-celled organisms. 
A) Protists evolved before the other three kingdoms. 
B) Early ancestors to plants,fungi,and animals could interbreed. 
C) Multicellular organisms arose only once in evolutionary history. 
D) All unicellular organisms are now extinct. 
E) The animal,plant,and fungal kingdoms contain some single-celled organisms.

Question 11

Mitochondria arose by endosymbiosis of a(an)

Accepted Answer

A) anaerobic bacterium. 
B) photosynthetic bacterium. 
C) aerobic bacterium. 
D) aerobic archaeon. 
E) photosynthetic archaeon. 
A) anaerobic bacterium. 
B) photosynthetic bacterium. 
C) aerobic bacterium. 
D) aerobic archaeon. 
E) photosynthetic archaeon.

Question 12

A prokaryote that occupies a habitat that is characterized by extreme heat (above 50$\circ$C)is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) thermophile. 
B) acidophile. 
C) halophile. 
D) basophile. 
E) hydrophilE. 
A) thermophile. 
B) acidophile. 
C) halophile. 
D) basophile. 
E) hydrophilE.

Question 13

Photosynthesis probably originated during the __________ eon and most likely used _____________ as an electron donor.

Accepted Answer

A) Proterozoic,water 
B) Archean,water 
C) Archean,hydrogen sulfide 
D) Proterozoic,hydrogen sulfide 
E) Paleozoic,water 
A) Proterozoic,water 
B) Archean,water 
C) Archean,hydrogen sulfide 
D) Proterozoic,hydrogen sulfide 
E) Paleozoic,water

Question 14

All protists are single-celled.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The rigid barrier that surrounds most prokaryotes is the

Accepted Answer

A) cell membrane. 
B) flagellum. 
C) ribosome. 
D) cell wall. 
E) cytoplasm. 
A) cell membrane. 
B) flagellum. 
C) ribosome. 
D) cell wall. 
E) cytoplasm.

Question 16

Molecular evidence places fungi closer to plants than animals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following is true of prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) Prokaryotes have a nucleus. 
B) Prokaryotes are single-celled. 
C) Prokaryotes do not have a chromosome. 
D) Prokaryotes have membrane-bounded organelles. 
E) Prokaryotes do not have ribosomes. 
A) Prokaryotes have a nucleus. 
B) Prokaryotes are single-celled. 
C) Prokaryotes do not have a chromosome. 
D) Prokaryotes have membrane-bounded organelles. 
E) Prokaryotes do not have ribosomes.

Question 18

Autotrophs must acquire carbon from organic molecules produced from other organisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

You observe that small crustaceans swimming through a sample of ocean water set off light production,but your first guess is that this is due to some bacterium,since bacteria are so metabolically diverse.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Evidence supporting the idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts in present-day cells originated as independent organisms includes

Accepted Answer

A) similarities in DNA sequences between mitochondrial and bacterial genomes. 
B) similarities in size and shape between mitochondria and some prokaryotes. 
C) similarity between photosynthetic pigments in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. 
D) similarity in the way mitochondria,chloroplasts,and prokaryotes reproduce. 
E) All answers are correct. 
A) similarities in DNA sequences between mitochondrial and bacterial genomes. 
B) similarities in size and shape between mitochondria and some prokaryotes. 
C) similarity between photosynthetic pigments in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. 
D) similarity in the way mitochondria,chloroplasts,and prokaryotes reproduce. 
E) All answers are correct.

Exam 15: Evolution and Diversity of Microbial Life

Which part of a fungus penetrates inside of a plant?

Protists can be heterotrophs.

If you sample prokaryotes from a kitchen faucet,they are likely to be bacteria,not archaea.

Clues from geology and paleontology suggest that simple cells or their precursors arose about

Protists can be autotrophs.

Mitochondria evolved before chloroplasts based on which observation?

Streptomyces are aerobic soil bacteria that produce over two-thirds of our antibiotics of natural origin.These antibiotics should also be effective in killing Streptomyces.

Which is the best description of the mutual benefit to both species found in a lichen?

Cooperation between or among cells could have been a key step in the evolution of multicellularity.

DNA sequence evidence suggests that plants,fungi,and animals arose from different lineages of unicellular protists.This suggests which of the following?

Mitochondria arose by endosymbiosis of a(an)

A prokaryote that occupies a habitat that is characterized by extreme heat (above 50 ∘\circ∘ C)is a(n)

Photosynthesis probably originated during the __________ eon and most likely used _____________ as an electron donor.

All protists are single-celled.

The rigid barrier that surrounds most prokaryotes is the

Molecular evidence places fungi closer to plants than animals.

Which of the following is true of prokaryotes?

Autotrophs must acquire carbon from organic molecules produced from other organisms.

You observe that small crustaceans swimming through a sample of ocean water set off light production,but your first guess is that this is due to some bacterium,since bacteria are so metabolically diverse.

Evidence supporting the idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts in present-day cells originated as independent organisms includes

Scientific Study of Life

The Chemistry of Life

Cells

The Energy of Life

Photosynthesis

How Cells Release Energy

Dna Structure and Gene Function

DNA Replication, binary Fission, and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna Technology

Forces of Evolutionary Change

Evidence of Evolution

Speciation and Extinction

Evolution and Diversity of Plants

Evolution and Diversity of Animals

Populations

Communities and Ecosystems

Preserving Biodiversity

Plant Form and Function

Reproduction and Development of Flowering Plants

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

The Nervous System and the Senses

The Endocrine System

The Skeletal and Muscular Systems

The Circulatory and Respiratorysystems

The Digestive and Urinary Systems

The Immune System

Animal Reproduction and Development

Filters

A prokaryote that occupies a habitat that is characterized by extreme heat (above 50^$\circ$C)is a(n)

Photosynthesis probably originated during the eon and most likely used ___ as an electron donor.