Question 1

The impact of a large meteorite with Earth would have most likely caused mass extinctions by

Accepted Answer

A) causing a great prolonged rise in the earth's temperature and destroying plant life. 
B) creating large clouds of dust that blocked out sunlight only. 
C) causing a great prolonged rise in the earth's temperature only. 
D) creating large clouds of dust that blocked out sunlight and destroying plant life. 
E) destroying only plant lifE. 
A) causing a great prolonged rise in the earth's temperature and destroying plant life. 
B) creating large clouds of dust that blocked out sunlight only. 
C) causing a great prolonged rise in the earth's temperature only. 
D) creating large clouds of dust that blocked out sunlight and destroying plant life. 
E) destroying only plant lifE. D

Question 2

The idea that evolution proceeds with long periods of stasis with relatively brief bursts of fast evolutionary change is

Accepted Answer

A) temporal isolation. 
B) mechanical isolation. 
C) gradualism. 
D) punctuated equilibrium. 
E) hybrid breakdown. 
A) temporal isolation. 
B) mechanical isolation. 
C) gradualism. 
D) punctuated equilibrium. 
E) hybrid breakdown. D

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of macroevolution?

Accepted Answer

A) the origin of horses and donkeys from a common ancestor 
B) giraffes with longer necks reaching higher tree branches 
C) antibiotic resistance in S.aureus 
D) female cardinals preferring males with bright red feathers 
E) the beaks of cactus finches changing in size in response to a drought on the Galapagos islands 
A) the origin of horses and donkeys from a common ancestor 
B) giraffes with longer necks reaching higher tree branches 
C) antibiotic resistance in S.aureus 
D) female cardinals preferring males with bright red feathers 
E) the beaks of cactus finches changing in size in response to a drought on the Galapagos islands A

Question 4

The two natural forms of Mimulus studied by scientists looking at the effects of pollinators on speciation were in the same domain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Biologists divide mechanisms of reproductive isolation into

Accepted Answer

A) sexual and geographic. 
B) prezygotic and sexual. 
C) postzygotic and geographiC. 
D) sexual and postzygotic. 
E) prezygotic and postzygotic. 
A) sexual and geographic. 
B) prezygotic and sexual. 
C) postzygotic and geographiC. 
D) sexual and postzygotic. 
E) prezygotic and postzygotic.

Question 6

Conservation biologists are often concerned that when the population size of an endangered species becomes too small it is at risk of extinction for which reason?

Accepted Answer

A) They can no longer evolve. 
B) Their rate of breeding will decline. 
C) They may be more susceptible to changes in the environment or disease. 
D) They are at risk of sympatric isolation. 
E) They are at risk of developing prezygotic barriers to reproduction. 
A) They can no longer evolve. 
B) Their rate of breeding will decline. 
C) They may be more susceptible to changes in the environment or disease. 
D) They are at risk of sympatric isolation. 
E) They are at risk of developing prezygotic barriers to reproduction.

Question 7

It is believed that the two main reasons for mass extinctions in Earth's history have been

Accepted Answer

A) collision between Earth and a large celestial body and human intervention. 
B) global warming and human intervention. 
C) human intervention and shifting of Earth's continents. 
D) global warming and shifting of Earth's continents. 
E) collision between Earth and a large celestial body and shifting of Earth's continents. 
A) collision between Earth and a large celestial body and human intervention. 
B) global warming and human intervention. 
C) human intervention and shifting of Earth's continents. 
D) global warming and shifting of Earth's continents. 
E) collision between Earth and a large celestial body and shifting of Earth's continents.

Question 8

A horizontal branch in an evolutionary tree indicates

Accepted Answer

A) gradualism. 
B) punctuated equilibrium. 
C) extinction. 
D) convergent evolution. 
E) temporal isolation. 
A) gradualism. 
B) punctuated equilibrium. 
C) extinction. 
D) convergent evolution. 
E) temporal isolation.

Question 9

The type of reproductive isolation in which offspring are infertile because their chromosomes cannot align correctly during meiosis because of a different number of chromosomes being inherited from the two parents is

Accepted Answer

A) gametic isolation. 
B) mechanical isolation. 
C) hybrid infertility. 
D) hybrid inviability. 
E) temporal isolation. 
A) gametic isolation. 
B) mechanical isolation. 
C) hybrid infertility. 
D) hybrid inviability. 
E) temporal isolation.

Question 10

An example of polyploidy is found in a plant having

Accepted Answer

A) an abnormal number of two or more individual chromosomes. 
B) only one set of chromosomes. 
C) three or more chromosomes. 
D) an abnormal number of one particular chromosome. 
E) three or more sets of chromosomes. 
A) an abnormal number of two or more individual chromosomes. 
B) only one set of chromosomes. 
C) three or more chromosomes. 
D) an abnormal number of one particular chromosome. 
E) three or more sets of chromosomes.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a type of prezygotic reproductive isolation?

Accepted Answer

A) temporal isolation 
B) gametic isolation 
C) hybrid infertility 
D) ecological isolation 
E) mechanical isolation 
A) temporal isolation 
B) gametic isolation 
C) hybrid infertility 
D) ecological isolation 
E) mechanical isolation

Question 12

Three species of tigers have become extinct due to overharvesting or habitat destruction.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) mass extinction. 
B) background extinction rate. 
C) sympatric speciation. 
D) increased extinction rate by human activity. 
E) allopatric speciation. 
A) mass extinction. 
B) background extinction rate. 
C) sympatric speciation. 
D) increased extinction rate by human activity. 
E) allopatric speciation.

Question 13

Scientists have a complete fossil record showing the evolution of horses over millions of years,with the legs becoming longer and the teeth larger,as ancestors of the modern horse adapted from living in forest to grasslands.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) punctuated equilibrium. 
B) extinction. 
C) a postzygotic barrier to evolution. 
D) gradualism. 
E) a prezygotic barrier to evolution. 
A) punctuated equilibrium. 
B) extinction. 
C) a postzygotic barrier to evolution. 
D) gradualism. 
E) a prezygotic barrier to evolution.

Question 14

Polyploidy is common in

Accepted Answer

A) plant species. 
B) fungal species. 
C) animal species. 
D) bacterial species. 
E) All answers are correct. 
A) plant species. 
B) fungal species. 
C) animal species. 
D) bacterial species. 
E) All answers are correct.

Question 15

Centimeter-thin layers of earth that are rich in iridium give evidence to support the

Accepted Answer

A) allopatric theory. 
B) ecological isolation theory. 
C) gradualism theory. 
D) impact theory. 
E) punctuated equilibrium theory. 
A) allopatric theory. 
B) ecological isolation theory. 
C) gradualism theory. 
D) impact theory. 
E) punctuated equilibrium theory.

Question 16

The rate of background extinctions per year per million species is

Accepted Answer

A) 0.1 to 1.0 species. 
B) 0.001 to 0.01 species. 
C) 1.0 to 10 species. 
D) 10 to 100 species. 
E) No answer is correct. 
A) 0.1 to 1.0 species. 
B) 0.001 to 0.01 species. 
C) 1.0 to 10 species. 
D) 10 to 100 species. 
E) No answer is correct.

Question 17

Tortoises colonizing the different Galapagos islands and evolving into different species is an example of ____ speciation.

Accepted Answer

A) prezygotic 
B) allopatric 
C) postzygotic 
D) sympatric 
E) outgroup 
A) prezygotic 
B) allopatric 
C) postzygotic 
D) sympatric 
E) outgroup

Question 18

The process by which species cease to exist

Accepted Answer

A) has never occurred. 
B) is speciation. 
C) is extinction. 
D) is occurring today at a faster rate than ever before. 
E) All answers are correct. 
A) has never occurred. 
B) is speciation. 
C) is extinction. 
D) is occurring today at a faster rate than ever before. 
E) All answers are correct.

Question 19

The process by which new species originate

Accepted Answer

A) is germination. 
B) is extinction. 
C) occurred only once in Earth's history. 
D) is speciation. 
E) occurred for millions of years but is no longer occurring. 
A) is germination. 
B) is extinction. 
C) occurred only once in Earth's history. 
D) is speciation. 
E) occurred for millions of years but is no longer occurring.

Question 20

A sterile mule is produced by mating a horse and a donkey.From this observation you could conclude

Accepted Answer

A) that horses and donkeys are the same species. 
B) that horses and donkeys are different species. 
C) that mules are a result of macroevolution. 
D) increasing the number of mules in a population will affect the allele frequency in the next generation. 
E) the DNA sequences of horses and donkeys are more than 97% identical. 
A) that horses and donkeys are the same species. 
B) that horses and donkeys are different species. 
C) that mules are a result of macroevolution. 
D) increasing the number of mules in a population will affect the allele frequency in the next generation. 
E) the DNA sequences of horses and donkeys are more than 97% identical.

Exam 14: Speciation and Extinction

The impact of a large meteorite with Earth would have most likely caused mass extinctions by

The idea that evolution proceeds with long periods of stasis with relatively brief bursts of fast evolutionary change is

Which of the following is an example of macroevolution?

The two natural forms of Mimulus studied by scientists looking at the effects of pollinators on speciation were in the same domain.

Biologists divide mechanisms of reproductive isolation into

Conservation biologists are often concerned that when the population size of an endangered species becomes too small it is at risk of extinction for which reason?

It is believed that the two main reasons for mass extinctions in Earth's history have been

A horizontal branch in an evolutionary tree indicates

The type of reproductive isolation in which offspring are infertile because their chromosomes cannot align correctly during meiosis because of a different number of chromosomes being inherited from the two parents is

An example of polyploidy is found in a plant having

Which of the following is not a type of prezygotic reproductive isolation?

Three species of tigers have become extinct due to overharvesting or habitat destruction.This is an example of

Scientists have a complete fossil record showing the evolution of horses over millions of years,with the legs becoming longer and the teeth larger,as ancestors of the modern horse adapted from living in forest to grasslands.This is an example of

Polyploidy is common in

Centimeter-thin layers of earth that are rich in iridium give evidence to support the

The rate of background extinctions per year per million species is

Tortoises colonizing the different Galapagos islands and evolving into different species is an example of ____ speciation.

The process by which species cease to exist

The process by which new species originate

A sterile mule is produced by mating a horse and a donkey.From this observation you could conclude

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