Question 1

Historical linguists use linguistic similarities and differences in the world today to study long-term changes in language.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

When does copula deletion (absence of the verb "to be")occur in AAVE?

Accepted Answer

A)  where SE has contractions 
B)  randomly 
C)  in the past tense 
D)  in the future tense 
E)  in SE, not AAVE 
A)  where SE has contractions 
B)  randomly 
C)  in the past tense 
D)  in the future tense 
E)  in SE, not AAVE A

Question 3

What is the term for variations in speech due to different contexts or situations?

Accepted Answer

A)  linguistic confusion 
B)  situational syntax 
C)  contextual phonetics 
D)  Chomskian verbosity 
E)  style shifting 
A)  linguistic confusion 
B)  situational syntax 
C)  contextual phonetics 
D)  Chomskian verbosity 
E)  style shifting E

Question 4

Discuss some common interests of linguistics and ethnography.Of what use can knowledge of linguistic techniques and principles be to the ethnographer?

Accepted Answer

Linguistics and ethnography share severa

Question 5

How has technology influenced the way you communicate? Considering what you already know about anthropological theory and methods,what kinds of questions might an anthropologist pose about the role of technology in human culture,and particularly language? How might he or she go about answering those questions?

Accepted Answer

Technology has greatly influenced the wa

Question 6

Discuss factors that increase linguistic diversity among speakers of the same language.

Accepted Answer

There are several factors that can contr

Question 7

What are honorifics? Why are sociolinguists interested in their use in context? In your everyday life,do you ever use honorifics? What does their use,or lack of use,imply about your relationships to others?

Accepted Answer

Honorifics are titles or forms of addres

Question 8

African American Vernacular English (AAVE)is an incomplete linguistic system that is able only to express thoughts and ideas related to life in inner-city communities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Recent research on the origins of language suggests that a key mutation might have something to do with it.Comparing chimp and human genomes,it appears that

Accepted Answer

A)  chimps lack the tongue-rolling gene that all humans have, which might explain why they struggle to achieve clear speech. 
B)  chimps share with humans all the genetic propensities for language but lack the language-activation mutation. 
C)  a speech-friendly mutation occurred among Neandertals in Europe and spread to other human populations through gene flow. 
D)  the speech-friendly form of FOXP2 took hold in humans some 150,000 years ago, thus conferring selective advantages (linguistic and cultural abilities) that allowed those who had it to spread it, at the expense of those who did not. 
E)  the speech mutation occurred even before the hominin line split from the rest of the hominids. 
A)  chimps lack the tongue-rolling gene that all humans have, which might explain why they struggle to achieve clear speech. 
B)  chimps share with humans all the genetic propensities for language but lack the language-activation mutation. 
C)  a speech-friendly mutation occurred among Neandertals in Europe and spread to other human populations through gene flow. 
D)  the speech-friendly form of FOXP2 took hold in humans some 150,000 years ago, thus conferring selective advantages (linguistic and cultural abilities) that allowed those who had it to spread it, at the expense of those who did not. 
E)  the speech mutation occurred even before the hominin line split from the rest of the hominids.

Question 10

What is the study of the sounds used in speech?

Accepted Answer

A)  phones 
B)  phonemes 
C)  phonology 
D)  phonetics 
E)  phonemics 
A)  phones 
B)  phonemes 
C)  phonology 
D)  phonetics 
E)  phonemics

Question 11

Linguistic productivity refers to the fixed linguistic structures that prevent the creation of new expressions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

________ refers to the specialized set of terms and distinctions that are particularly important to certain groups.

Accepted Answer

A)  Syntactical vocabulary 
B)  Spatial vocabulary 
C)  Focal vocabulary 
D)  Vernacular vocabulary 
E)  Temporal vocabulary 
A)  Syntactical vocabulary 
B)  Spatial vocabulary 
C)  Focal vocabulary 
D)  Vernacular vocabulary 
E)  Temporal vocabulary

Question 13

Linguistic stratification can occur between dialects when one is considered a prestige dialect,as is the case with High German and Low German,and with Standard English (SE)and African American Vernacular English (AAVE).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What term refers to the existence of "high" and "low" dialects within a single language?

Accepted Answer

A)  displacement 
B)  diglossia 
C)  semantics 
D)  kinesics 
E)  lexicon 
A)  displacement 
B)  diglossia 
C)  semantics 
D)  kinesics 
E)  lexicon

Question 15

Sociolinguists study linguistic performance by categorizing speakers as inadequate,competent,or highly proficient.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Just as in other areas of anthropology,the study of language involves investigating what is or isn't shared across human populations and why these differences or similarities exist.The linguist Noam Chomsky has argued that the human brain contains a limited set of rules for organizing language,so that all languages have a common structural basis.He calls this set of rules

Accepted Answer

A)  the evolutionary linguistic imprint. 
B)  linguistic structuralism. 
C)  generalities. 
D)  a global mental map. 
E)  the universal grammar. 
A)  the evolutionary linguistic imprint. 
B)  linguistic structuralism. 
C)  generalities. 
D)  a global mental map. 
E)  the universal grammar.

Question 17

Kinesics is the study of communication through body movements,stances,gestures,and facial expressions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

What is linguistic relativity? Illustrate how it applies to languages and to dialects of English.

Accepted Answer

Linguistic relativity, also known as the

Question 19

What is pidgin?

Accepted Answer

A)  a partial language that results from primitive tribes' attempts to learn the language of a modern industrialized state 
B)  a mixed language that develops to ease communication between members of different cultures in contact, usually in situations of trade or colonial domination 
C)  a rhythmic sublanguage present in any human language as the result of a universally shared mutation 
D)  a set of languages believed to be most like the original human language, spoken by a small population of Indian Ocean islanders 
E)  metalanguage, developed by computer programmers, that has yielded valuable insights into the workings of the human brain 
A)  a partial language that results from primitive tribes' attempts to learn the language of a modern industrialized state 
B)  a mixed language that develops to ease communication between members of different cultures in contact, usually in situations of trade or colonial domination 
C)  a rhythmic sublanguage present in any human language as the result of a universally shared mutation 
D)  a set of languages believed to be most like the original human language, spoken by a small population of Indian Ocean islanders 
E)  metalanguage, developed by computer programmers, that has yielded valuable insights into the workings of the human brain

Question 20

Which of the following was studied by Sapir and Whorf?

Accepted Answer

A)  the interaction of thought and surface structure 
B)  the influence of language on thought 
C)  the influence of deep structure on surface structure 
D)  the influence of deep structure on semantic domains 
E)  the influence of culture on language 
A)  the interaction of thought and surface structure 
B)  the influence of language on thought 
C)  the influence of deep structure on surface structure 
D)  the influence of deep structure on semantic domains 
E)  the influence of culture on language

Exam 14: Language and Communication

Historical linguists use linguistic similarities and differences in the world today to study long-term changes in language.

When does copula deletion (absence of the verb "to be")occur in AAVE?

What is the term for variations in speech due to different contexts or situations?

Discuss some common interests of linguistics and ethnography.Of what use can knowledge of linguistic techniques and principles be to the ethnographer?

Discuss factors that increase linguistic diversity among speakers of the same language.

What are honorifics? Why are sociolinguists interested in their use in context? In your everyday life,do you ever use honorifics? What does their use,or lack of use,imply about your relationships to others?

African American Vernacular English (AAVE)is an incomplete linguistic system that is able only to express thoughts and ideas related to life in inner-city communities.

Recent research on the origins of language suggests that a key mutation might have something to do with it.Comparing chimp and human genomes,it appears that

What is the study of the sounds used in speech?

Linguistic productivity refers to the fixed linguistic structures that prevent the creation of new expressions.

________ refers to the specialized set of terms and distinctions that are particularly important to certain groups.

Linguistic stratification can occur between dialects when one is considered a prestige dialect,as is the case with High German and Low German,and with Standard English (SE)and African American Vernacular English (AAVE).

What term refers to the existence of "high" and "low" dialects within a single language?

Sociolinguists study linguistic performance by categorizing speakers as inadequate,competent,or highly proficient.

Kinesics is the study of communication through body movements,stances,gestures,and facial expressions.

What is linguistic relativity? Illustrate how it applies to languages and to dialects of English.

What is pidgin?

Which of the following was studied by Sapir and Whorf?

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Applying Anthropology

Doing Archaeology and Biological Anthropology

Evolution and Genetics

Human Variation and Adaptation

The Primates

Early Hominins

Archaic Homo

The Origin and Spread of Modern Humans

The First Farmers

The First Cities and States

Method and Theory in Cultural Anthropology

Ethnicity and Race

Making a Living

Political Systems

Gender

Families, Kinship, and Descent

Marriage

Religion

Arts, Media, and Sports

The World System and Colonialism

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

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