Exam 20: Fluids and Electrolytes

The nurse is educating a patient regarding the need to avoid foods high in potassium. What food choices led the nurse to conclude that teaching was not effective?

When a patient takes substances into the body, they first enter the extracellular compartment. What must the substances enter to carry out their function?

What should the nurse focus on when creating a nursing care plan for a patient with metabolic acidosis?

The nurse explains to a patient that the drug Lasix reduces edema by drawing water from the interstitial space into the intravascular space. What is this process called?

The nurse must keep an accurate intake and output record to assess kidney efficiency. In order for the kidneys to remove waste, what is the least amount of hourly urine output the kidneys must produce to remove waste?

A patient began vomiting and continued to do so for several hours. What is the result of this loss of stomach contents?

The nurse explains that a normal adult will lose approximately _____ mL of water through respiration in the course of a day.

What is the nurse closely assessing for in a patient with hypokalemia?

When reading the laboratory report of a patient with excessive diarrhea, the nurse notes that the pH is 7.10, and the PaCO? and the PaO? are normal. What should the nurse recognize as this patient's state from this information alone?

Sodium is the most abundant electrolyte in the body. The location of electrolytes is important for maintaining homeostasis. Sodium is the major electrolyte in which fluid compartment?

What should the nurse expect when assessing a patient with respiratory alkalosis?

The nurse expects an adult with normal kidney function to void a minimum of ____ mL of urine in 4 hours.

Electrolytes are not measured by weight; their chemical activity is expressed in milliequivalents. What does 1 milliequivalent of potassium have the same combining power as?

Three body systems work at different speeds to keep the pH in the narrow range of normal. What is the order of effectiveness for these three systems?

The nurse encourages a patient who has been vomiting to drink fluids because the body fluid lost daily must match the amount of fluid taken in to maintain homeostasis. What is the recommended daily amount of fluid for an adult?

What are the three types of passive transport? (Select all that apply.)

The lactating mother is counseled by the nurse to eat adequate amounts of meat and legumes. What level will this help to increase?

The nurse weighs a patient at the same time of day with the same scale and same clothing. What is this a simple and accurate method of determining?

A child has been having an asthma attack for the last 8 hours. Because of the child's inability to exhale effectively, the nurse assesses for respiratory __________.

A patient admitted in a state of extreme anxiety has vital signs of: T 98.6° F, P 81, BP 130/86, R 32. What will result if this hyperventilation continues?