Question 1

Compare and contrast differential association,labeling,and control theories.How does each theory explain deviance and crime?

Accepted Answer

Differential association, labeling, and

Question 2

A crime "committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his [or her] occupation" is called a:

Accepted Answer

A) street crime 
B) public-order crime 
C) white-collar crime 
D) victimless crime 
E) state crime 
A) street crime 
B) public-order crime 
C) white-collar crime 
D) victimless crime 
E) state crime

Question 3

It is estimated that in 2002 there were ____ youth gangs in the United States with ____ members.

Accepted Answer

A) 250; 23,500 
B) 2,650; 34,500 
C) 12,500; 154,500 
D) 18,500; 357,000 
E) 21,500; 731,500 
A) 250; 23,500 
B) 2,650; 34,500 
C) 12,500; 154,500 
D) 18,500; 357,000 
E) 21,500; 731,500

Question 4

The crime rate fell in the 1990s due to:

Accepted Answer

A) a decline in the proportion of young men in the population 
B) increased policing 
C) communities establishing their own systems of surveillance and patrol 
D) low unemployment 
E) all of these choices 
A) a decline in the proportion of young men in the population 
B) increased policing 
C) communities establishing their own systems of surveillance and patrol 
D) low unemployment 
E) all of these choices

Question 5

What is a social diversion?

Accepted Answer

A social diversion is a minor

Question 6

Which of the following is the most cost effective drug policy?

Accepted Answer

A) drug legalization 
B) stopping drugs at the border 
C) arresting drug traders and users 
D) drug prevention and treatment 
E) controlling the drug trade abroad 
A) drug legalization 
B) stopping drugs at the border 
C) arresting drug traders and users 
D) drug prevention and treatment 
E) controlling the drug trade abroad

Question 7

Authorities and the wider public report all criminal acts and ignore no significant criminal activity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Among some Inuit ("Eskimo")communities at the beginning of the twentieth century,allowing newborns to freeze to death was not considered a deviant act.This illustrates that even when it comes to consensus crimes:

Accepted Answer

A) social definitions are immutable 
B) social definitions are universal 
C) social definitions are variable 
D) social definitions are based on genetic information 
E) none of these choices 
A) social definitions are immutable 
B) social definitions are universal 
C) social definitions are variable 
D) social definitions are based on genetic information 
E) none of these choices

Question 9

Coca-Cola got its name because,in the early 1900s,the soda contained a derivative of cocaine.Now cocaine is an illegal drug because:

Accepted Answer

A) it was a severe issue 
B) perceived harmfulness changed 
C) there was no public agreement about whether cocaine in soda is bad 
D) social definitions depend on what is profitable 
E) all of these choices 
A) it was a severe issue 
B) perceived harmfulness changed 
C) there was no public agreement about whether cocaine in soda is bad 
D) social definitions depend on what is profitable 
E) all of these choices

Question 10

How does control theory consider deviance and crime?

Accepted Answer

Control theory holds that the rewards of

Question 11

If children grow up in an environment where the people they care about teach them it is acceptable to choose a deviant lifestyle,then the child is likely to become deviant as well.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) labeling theory 
B) strain theory 
C) cultural-transmission theory 
D) differential association theory 
E) control theory 
A) labeling theory 
B) strain theory 
C) cultural-transmission theory 
D) differential association theory 
E) control theory

Question 12

The social construction of white-collar crime has ____ since 1970 because upper classes are about as powerful now as they were in 1970.

Accepted Answer

A) changed little 
B) changed a great deal 
C) balanced 
D) greatly increased 
E) greatly decreased 
A) changed little 
B) changed a great deal 
C) balanced 
D) greatly increased 
E) greatly decreased

Question 13

The reasons why white-collar crime results in few prosecutions and still fewer convictions include:

Accepted Answer

A) much white-collar crime take place in private 
B) white-collar crime is difficult to detect 
C) white-collar criminals can afford legal experts 
D) white-collar criminals are able to influence how they are perceived 
E) all of these choices 
A) much white-collar crime take place in private 
B) white-collar crime is difficult to detect 
C) white-collar criminals can afford legal experts 
D) white-collar criminals are able to influence how they are perceived 
E) all of these choices

Question 14

What are social deviations?

Accepted Answer

Social deviations are noncriminal depart

Question 15

Many crimes are not incorporated in the major crime indexes published by the FBI.Indeed,several types of crimes are excluded.These excluded crimes are often:

Accepted Answer

A) street crimes 
B) state crimes 
C) public crimes 
D) victimless crimes 
E) violent crimes 
A) street crimes 
B) state crimes 
C) public crimes 
D) victimless crimes 
E) violent crimes

Question 16

Most sociologists agree that the disproportionately high arrest,conviction,and incarceration rates of African Americans are due to:

Accepted Answer

A) bias in the way crime statistics are collected 
B) the low average class position of blacks in American society 
C) racial discrimination in the criminal justice system 
D) all of these choices 
E) none of these choices 
A) bias in the way crime statistics are collected 
B) the low average class position of blacks in American society 
C) racial discrimination in the criminal justice system 
D) all of these choices 
E) none of these choices

Question 17

In one of the first sociological works on deviance,Durkheim wrote that deviance is:

Accepted Answer

A) innate 
B) learned 
C) normal 
D) abnormal 
E) physiological 
A) innate 
B) learned 
C) normal 
D) abnormal 
E) physiological

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a factor in the disproportionately high arrest,conviction,and incarceration rates of African-Americans?

Accepted Answer

A) geographical distribution 
B) the low average class position of blacks in American society 
C) racial discrimination in the criminal justice system 
D) police attitudes toward racial minorities in American society 
E) bias in the way crime statistics are collected 
A) geographical distribution 
B) the low average class position of blacks in American society 
C) racial discrimination in the criminal justice system 
D) police attitudes toward racial minorities in American society 
E) bias in the way crime statistics are collected

Question 19

Theories that seek to explain the attraction of criminal behavior by identifying the social factors that provoke or control deviance,crime,or conventional behaviors are called:

Accepted Answer

A) motivational theories 
B) constraint theories 
C) strain theories 
D) subcultural theories 
E) techniques of neutralization 
A) motivational theories 
B) constraint theories 
C) strain theories 
D) subcultural theories 
E) techniques of neutralization

Question 20

According to Robert Merton,which of the following social types would accept cultural goals but reject the institutionalized (cultural)means to obtain those goals?

Accepted Answer

A) conformist 
B) innovator 
C) ritualist 
D) retreatist 
E) rebel 
A) conformist 
B) innovator 
C) ritualist 
D) retreatist 
E) rebel

Exam 7: Deviance and Crime

Compare and contrast differential association,labeling,and control theories.How does each theory explain deviance and crime?

A crime "committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his [or her] occupation" is called a:

It is estimated that in 2002 there were ____ youth gangs in the United States with ____ members.

The crime rate fell in the 1990s due to:

What is a social diversion?

Which of the following is the most cost effective drug policy?

Authorities and the wider public report all criminal acts and ignore no significant criminal activity.

Among some Inuit ("Eskimo")communities at the beginning of the twentieth century,allowing newborns to freeze to death was not considered a deviant act.This illustrates that even when it comes to consensus crimes:

Coca-Cola got its name because,in the early 1900s,the soda contained a derivative of cocaine.Now cocaine is an illegal drug because:

How does control theory consider deviance and crime?

If children grow up in an environment where the people they care about teach them it is acceptable to choose a deviant lifestyle,then the child is likely to become deviant as well.This is an example of:

The social construction of white-collar crime has ____ since 1970 because upper classes are about as powerful now as they were in 1970.

The reasons why white-collar crime results in few prosecutions and still fewer convictions include:

What are social deviations?

Many crimes are not incorporated in the major crime indexes published by the FBI.Indeed,several types of crimes are excluded.These excluded crimes are often:

Most sociologists agree that the disproportionately high arrest,conviction,and incarceration rates of African Americans are due to:

In one of the first sociological works on deviance,Durkheim wrote that deviance is:

Which of the following is NOT a factor in the disproportionately high arrest,conviction,and incarceration rates of African-Americans?

Theories that seek to explain the attraction of criminal behavior by identifying the social factors that provoke or control deviance,crime,or conventional behaviors are called:

According to Robert Merton,which of the following social types would accept cultural goals but reject the institutionalized (cultural)means to obtain those goals?

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It is estimated that in 2002 there were youth gangs in the United States with members.