Exam 6: Learning

Yang watched her family pray before eating all of her life,so Yang has learned to pray before eating a meal.Yang's praying is most likely a result of _______.

Derek is conducting research with chimpanzees and realizes that when the chimps' behaviors lead to some sort of satisfaction,they repeat those behaviors.Derek's observations are most consistent with _______.

After repeated studying,Cressida is able to remember all of the state capitals.Now when she hears the word Michigan,she quickly thinks of the word Lansing.Cressida's learning is most likely due to long-term potentiation,which _______.

Shonda wants to train her dog to roll over and is unsure of how to use reinforcement to teach her dog this new trick. a) Describe continuous and partial reinforcement and give one advantage of using each. b) Describe each of the four schedules of partial reinforcement. c) Which schedule of partial reinforcement should Shonda choose to use if she wants to create the highest rate of response in the shortest amount of time? Which should she use if she wants to create the most consistent rate of response?

Ralph ate sushi for lunch,and an hour later he felt sick to his stomach.In this situation,classical conditioning might occur.In other words,Ralph might learn an association between sushi and feeling sick because the two events _______.

Mike wants to teach his 2-year-old brother to dunk a basketball in a mini basketball net. a) Describe shaping and explain how Mike would be able to use this to teach his brother to dunk. b) How are primary and secondary reinforcers similar and different? Give an example of each that Mike could use to reinforce his brother. c) Would you agree with the statement that primary reinforcers are more effective at influencing behavior than secondary reinforcers? Why or why not? Explain your response in detail.

Susie wants to use operant conditioning to teach her cat to sit up for a treat.A psychologist who has conducted research that would be useful to her in this situation is _______.

You are driving to school when suddenly an ambulance rushes past you with its sirens blaring,so you quickly pull your car to the side of the road.A few minutes later,when you hear sirens in the distance,you get ready to quickly pull the car over again.You have learned to respond quickly to the sirens because of _______.

Shanna wants to use an observational study to explore how classical conditioning works.Before beginning her own study,it would be most helpful for Shanna to read about the research of _______.

Vincent wants to use systematic desensitization to treat his patient's phobia of elevators.Vincent's first step in this process should be to _______.

Positive punishment causes _______.

Tripp is serving a 10-year prison sentence when he is informed by his parole board that he is getting out of jail early for good behavior.If the early release has the effect of increasing Tripp's good behavior in the future,then early release is an example of _______.

Last year,Martina was in love with Robert,but they eventually broke up.Today in the mall,Martina smells someone wearing the same cologne that Robert always wore.She is immediately filled with positive feelings,which is most likely due to _______.

Sophia's daughter Melanie is getting "D" grades in several of her classes.To get Melanie to study more,her parents should _______.

Jean wants her daughter to eat her vegetables so she is healthy.Jean tells her daughter that after she eats her vegetables she can play outside,which is one of her daughter's favorite things to do.In this situation,Jean is using _______ to increase her daughter's eating of vegetables.

Your roommate drives you crazy because every morning she hits the snooze button on her alarm clock three times before she gets out of bed. a) Describe the two types of reinforcement and the two types of punishment. Explain how they influence the likelihood of a behavior occurring later. b) Give an example of each type of reinforcement and punishment. c) Choose one type of reinforcement and one type of punishment and explain how you could use them to modify your roommate's annoying behavior.

If Sheila wants to decrease her dog barking at the cat next door,she should most likely use _______.

Dr.Wolfgang would like to conduct a study examining how children learn to use slang words based on listening to their peers.Dr.Wolfgang's research would benefit if he read the work of a psychologist who investigated observational learning: _______.

If Dr.Raybel wants to observe how people learn to play a new game,he may want to consult the founder of behaviorism,_______.

During the famous experiment with "Little Albert," Albert learned to fear rats when researchers used classical conditioning and presented a _______.