Exam 6: Learning

Reynold believes that reinforcement affects the performance of a behavior more than the acquisition of a behavior.Reynold's belief is consistent with the ideas of the cognitive theorist _______.

Timothy believes that his infant son Jamie was born as a blank slate,knowing nothing about the world.This information suggests that Timothy most likely believes in _______.

Dr.Goodman is a developmental psychologist.He finds that if parents in a household bring their own work home with them to do in the evenings,children in that household have better homework grades than children whose parents do not bring work home. a) Explain what observational learning is and describe the two types of observational learning discussed in the textbook (modeling and vicarious conditioning). b) Discuss how one of these concepts might explain Dr. Goodman's finding. c) Do you think these children are more likely to do their homework because of modeling or because of vicarious conditioning? Explain your response.

You are having a great time at a work picnic.Then,a spider walks onto your picnic blanket.It looks just like the one that bit you last year and made you very sick.You immediately start to feel panic,which in this situation is most likely a(n)_______.

Alanna knows that a startling noise will always make people blink their eyes.If Alanna has learned to associate a blue light with a startling noise,causing her to blink when she sees the blue light,then this eye blink is a(n)_______.

Katie is afraid of clowns.She has been trying to overcome this fear by getting into a relaxed state and then looking at pictures of clowns.After months of this exposure,she is no longer afraid when she sees a clown.Katie has been using _______ to overcome her fear.

Lenny needs to quickly train his cows to use one specific field when they graze.The reinforcement that will allow the cows to learn most quickly is _______ reinforcement.

William is an observant teenager who encounters many different types of people as he goes about his day.Which of the following people is William LEAST likely to model?

Professor McCready wants to study animal learning by putting birds in a cage where they have to figure out how to peck a button to receive food.Professor McCready is using _______ to modify animal behavior.

At a football game,you cannot help but feel excited whenever your team scores a touchdown.Because this is an unlearned response,in terms of classical conditioning,it would be called a(n)_______.

Albert has a beautiful garden in his backyard and notices that hummingbirds come to feed on the flowers at the same time each day in order to get the sweetest nectar.The hummingbirds are being rewarded for their feeding behavior on a _______ schedule of reinforcement.

Billy hates it when his upstairs neighbor wakes up early to take a shower.He is typically abruptly awakened when the water starts,but then he gets used to the noise and goes back to sleep.In this example,Billy is showing learning through _______.

Thayer is holding her infant cousin and she smiles at the baby.The baby observes Thayer smiling and imitates the smile by smiling back.The baby most likely learned to smile in this situation based on _______.

When Mitch watches his brother Jacob stand on tiptoes to open the cabinet door,which of the following is most likely happening in Mitch's brain?

Vaughn grew up the 1970s and always wears bell-bottom pants because he feels most comfortable in them.Vaughn works for a fashion magazine and constantly tries to influence his magazine's readers to bring bell-bottoms back into style.If successful,Vaughn will have influenced fashion by sharing knowledge about a culture,which is called _______.

If Carlos wants to use classical conditioning so his 3-year-old sister learns to be afraid of dogs,he should _______.

A rehabilitation center reinforces patients' good behaviors with Monopoly money,which they can then trade in for food,movies,or other privileges.When they behave badly,however,the patients lose Monopoly money.To modify the patients' behavior,the center is using _______.

Your history professor wants to help students learn how to write a high-quality research paper,so he posts an example of an "A" paper on the course website.You use this example as a template when writing your own paper.You have used _______ to write a good research paper.

Jonathan is traveling to Italy,and his motto for his trip is "When in Rome,do as the Romans do!" This phrase suggests that Jonathan is most likely to learn how to behave in Rome based on _______.

Professor Kraig is known for his difficult pop quizzes,which naturally make the students feel anxious.Immediately before he springs a quiz on his students and they start to feel anxious,he always shuts down his laptop to remove his lecture slides from the overhead screen.Students soon notice that they start to feel anxious when Professor Kraig reaches for his laptop and shuts it down.In terms of classical conditioning,Professor Kraig closing his laptop is a(n)_______.